QAHVA

QAHVA (Coffea), yak jinsi buttavu darakhtoni hameshasabzest az oilai ruyaniho yak nav nushokiest, ki az qahvadona tayyor kunand. Dar jahon taqr. 50 namudi Q. (dar nohiyahoi tropiki va subtropikii Afrika va Osiyo) meruyad. Faqat 4—5 navi onro dar mamlakathoi iqlimashon garmi hardu Nimkurai Zamin meparvaand. Makhsusan Q.-i arabi (S. aga-ica) mamul ast, ki on darakhti qadpast buda, bargi darozruyai yaklukht, guli kaloni safed dorad. Mevaash sershiran surkh yo bunafshi kabudtob; 2-to don dorad. Q-i arabiro aslan dar Habashiston parvaridaand. Parvarishi Q. dar nimjaz. Arabiston (a-hoi 14—15) ogoz yoftaast. Dar a. 18 onro ba Braziliya (holo 50%-i qahvazori dunyo dar hamin jost) burdaand. Az har ga qahvazor qarib 2 t (az yak bekh taqr. 1 kg) qahvadona megirand. Qahvadonaro asosan dar mamlakathoi Amerikai Lotini, Afrika va Osiyo istehsol mekunand. Navhoi gunoguni qahva mamul ast. Qahvahoi yamani («mokko»); brazili («santos» va g.) va kolumbiyagi («mame») navhoi behtarin hisob meshavand. Tarkibi qahva vobasta ba navash tagyir meyobad. Qahva andaryak 13—14% moddahoi nitrogendor, 0,65—2,7% kofein, 2—3% qand, 12—15% ravgan, beshtar az 20% kletchatka, 3—4% moddahoi minerali dorad.

Tasiri nashabakhshii qahva ba kofeini tarkibash vobasta ast. Nushokii qahva kori gadudi medaro niz taqviyat medihad. Ba shakhsone, ki bemorii khafajon, zakhmi meda, galayoni khun (gipertoniya) dorand yo ba bekhobi giriftorand, nushidani qahva zarar dorad.