QADARIYa

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QADARIYa (az ar. — sarnavisht), dahriya, jarayoni diniyu falsafiest, ki dar ahdi khilofati Umaviyon padid omada, insonro dar intikhobi raftoru kirdorash sohibikhtiyor mehisobid va ozodii irodaro targib mekard. Mabadi Juhoni va shogirdash Geloni Dimishqi asosguzoroni Q. ba shumor meravand. Juhonii masehii iroqi bud va dar bayni aholi nufuzi ziyod dosht. Baroi talimotash ba bidat aybdor gardida, bo amri khalifa Abdulmalik chormekh karda shud. Dimishqi sardori maktabi basragii Q. buda, aqidahoyashro natanho dar diyori khudash — Dimishq, balki dar Makkavu Madina niz targib mekard. Uro niz ba bidat aybdor va s. 742 bo amri khalifa Hishom avval dastu poyashro burida, bad dar darvozai shahr chormekh kardand.

Dar talimoti Q. roje ba ozodii iroda unsurhoi dinhoi peshazislomi, makhsusan zardushtiya mushohida meshavad. Az in ru, muvofiqi hadise guyo Muhammad Q.-ro baroi ohangi dualistii talimotash «zardushtiyoni jamoai musulmoni» nomidaast.

Q. avvalin jarayoni rasionalistie ba hisob meravad, ki dar dokhili islomi roshidi ba vujud omada, masalan taqdiru sarnavishti azaliro inkor kardaast va mardumro dar koru peshai khud ozod va sohibikhtiyor shumoridaast. Mahz az hamin sababQ. ba muqobllati shadidi ashariya duchor gardida bud.

Baze muhaqqiqon mutaqidand, ki Q. pesh az mutazliya paydo shuda ba on roh kushodaast, onho mutaziliyonro vorisi Q. va payravoni goyavii on mehisoband. Myqaddasi Q.-ro ba mutazila nazdik donistaast. Abulhasani Ashari boshad, mutazliyonu qadariyonro dar yak saf guzoshtaast. Az in sabab payravoni jutazilaro ahli Q. niz menomidand.

Ad.: Mukhammad i 6 v Abdal Karama sh-Shakhrastani. Kniga o religiyakh i sektakh, ch. 1, M., 1984..

S. Mahmadulloev.