KhUN

KhUN, dam, moeero guyand, ki dar raghoi khungardi hayvonoti muhradoru odam harakat mekunad. Yake az vazifahoi asosii Xun naqli gazho (az uzvhoi nafaskashi ba boftaho O2 va az boftaho ba uzvhoi nafaskashi SO2, nig. Nafaskashi) meboshad.

Xun inchunin glyukoza, aminokislotaho, namakkho va dig. moddahoi gizoiro az uzvhoi hozima ba boftaho va mahsuloti okhirini mubodilai moddaho —karbamid, kislotai shosha, kreatinin va g.-ro ba uzvhoi ikhroj mebarad. Xun dar tanzimi mubodilai obunamak va muovizai kislotagiyu ishqorii organizm ishtirok karda, baroi tanzimi harorati doimii badan niz ahamiyati kalon dorad. Odami vaznash 70 kg qarib 5 l Xun (6,8%-i vazni badan) dorad. Khuni muhradorho az plazma (nig. Plazmai khun), eritrositho, leykositho va trombositho iborat meboshad. Guruhi Xun tavassuti reaksiyai gemaglyutinasiya muayyan karda meshavad. Odam 4 va hayvonot ziyoda az 12 guruhi Xun dorad. Khuni hayvonot qati nazar az guruhash ba Khuni odam muvofiq nest. (Qismi asosii Xun az safedaho iborat ast. Safedaho (fibrinogen, protrombin va g.) baroi lakhtabandii Xun ahamiyati kalon dorand. Az karbogidratho dar Xun beshtar glyukoza (dar Khuni odam 80—100 mg%) va kamtar glikogen, fruktoza va glyukozamin mavjud ast. Gayp az in dar tarkibi Xun omekhtai murakkabi lipidho niz dida meshavad. Miqdori lipidhoi Xun doimi nabuda, ba tarkibi khurok va darajai jamshavii on vobastagi dorad. Moddahoi minerali fishori osmosii Khunro doimi nigoh doshta, ba holati koloidhoi Xun va mubodilai moddahoi hujayra tasir merasonand. Qismi asosii moddahoi mineralii plazma az Na va S1 iborat ast. K beshtar dar eritrositho va Sa dar plazma dast.

Dar natijai ikhtiloli mubodilai moddaho, bemorihoi gurda, jigar, gadudhoi usorai dokhili va g. tarkibi khimiyavii Xun tagyir meyobad; mas„ afzudani miqdori safeda (giperproteinemiya) yo kam shudani on (gipoproteinemiya), dar plazma ziyod shudani lesitin (giperlesitinemiya), qand (giperglikemiya) va g. Hangomi talafi bisyori Xun kamkhuni, bemorihoi muzmini logarkunanda va g. miqdori eritrositho kam shuda, dar natijai gipoksiya (ba boftaho narasidani oksigen) boshad, miqdori on ziyod meshavad. Leykositoz, leykopeniya, trombositoz, mieloleykoz, polisitemiya, va g. niz bemorihoi Khunand.

Tadqiqi bisyor alomathoi irsii Xun dar antropologiya ahamiyati kalon dorad. Alomati irsii Xun dar aksar khalqhoi jahon polimorfizmi genetiki (gunogunshaklii irsi) -ro oshkor mesozad. Khuni hamai khalqu najodho yakkhela ast; yagon guruhi Xun bar digarash afzaliyat nadorad.

Tasvir dar sah. 48—49.

Ad.: Kassirskiy I. A., Alekseev G. A., Klinicheskaya gematologiya, M., 1970; Semenov N. V., Biokhimicheskie komponenti i konstanti jidkikh sred i tkaney cheloveka. M.. 1971.