KhUDO

KhUDO, alloh, iloh, kholiq, parvardigor, ezid, yazdon, mavjudi favquttabiiero guyand, ki ba aqidai ahli din guyo jahon va jahoniyonro ofarida, nizomi tamomi olamro dar dast doshtaast. Xudo hamchun obrazi takhayyuli inkishofi tuloniro az cap guzarondaast. Dar dinhoi ibtidoi etiqod ba obrazhoi asotiri va digar mavjudoti gunoguni bejon vujud dosht. Talimot dar borai Xudo hamchun quvvai favquttabii (Nig. Teizm) hanuz dar dinhoi peshazislomi ba nazar merasid. On bo nomi yazdon aslan ba khalqhoi forsinajod taalluq doshta, dar ogoz chun homi, sarvar va nigahbon az khavfu khatar istifoda shudaast. Badi nufuzi  islom dar Sharq mafhumi Xudo ba al­loh hammano va hamohang shuda, hamchun sinonimi on ba kor burda shud. Muvofiqi rivoyatho pesh az islom dar Kaba khudoho (sanam, butho)-i ziyode mavjud budand, ki qabilahoi arab onhoro meparastidand. Bo mururi zamon barobari parastishi khudohoi mazkur qabila yo guruhi qabila yake az on khudohoro homii khud medonistand, ki inkishofi badinai on boisi tashakkuli monoteizm gardid.

Dar jarayoni ba vujud omadani di­ni nav dar bayni arabho goyahoi dinhoi tashakkulyoftai khalqhoi hamsoya (dini yahudi, masehiyat va hatto dini dualistii zardushtiya) intishor yoftand. Dar hamin zamina dar ibt. a. 7 dar bayni arabho is­lom ba vuchjud omad, ki Khudoi on na faqat doroi khususiyati Khudohoi iuda­izm va masehiyat, balki yak qator khususiyathoi  Khudohoi  qabilavii arabhoi davrai johiliya, zardushtiya, monaviya, ravoqiya va g. bud.

Rukni avvali islom kalimai «shahodat» ast, ki on zotan khudoi yakkavu yagonaro ba musulmonon talqin mekunad. Muvofiqi in nazariya ba juz alloh Khudoi digare vujud nadorad va agar kase vujudi Khudoi digarro etirof kunad, gunohi azim sodir karda, kofir donista meshavad. Islom Khudoi yagonai masehiyatro, ki dar fardi segona (padarkhudo, pisarkhudo va ruhi muqaddas) zohir shuda dar zaminai aqidahoi falsafii Yunoni Qadim ba vujud omadaast, rad mekunad. In talimot bosubotii islomro nisbat ba digar dinhoi monoteisti ifoda mekunad

Muvofiqi talimoti islom Xudoi yago­na (al-vohid), zinda (al-hay), abadi, avvalu okhir va zohiru botin meboshad. Adadi hamin khel sifathoi u dar Quron    99-to sabt shudaand.

Xudo az rui talimoti mamuli is­lom az jihati zotu sifat bemislu monand ast. Lekin vaqte ki sukhan az munosibati Xudo ba olam va odam meravad va tamomi mavjudoti olamro ba irodai u vobasta mekunand, ba Xudoi behtarin khususiyathoi insoni nisbat doda meshavad. Davomi mantiqii hamin bahs minbad boisi paydoishi raviyahoi ziyode dar ilohiyoti islom va falsafai on gardid.

Masalai munosibati Xudo ba odamon shakli masalai ozodii irodaro ba khud girift, ki Quron ba on javobi yak rang namedihad. Dar hamin zamina du jarayoni bonufuzi  qadariya va jabariya ba vujud omad.

Dar islom Xudo na faqat mavzui asosii etiqod va parastish, bal­ki hamchun mafhumi falsafai ide­alisti donista meshud. Nazariyotchiyoni din silsilai dalelhoi mavjudiyati Khudoro (kosmologi, teleologi, ontologi, psikhologi va g.) tadqiq namuda, nazariyai dini-idealistii khudro asosnok namudand, ki dar hamin zamina falsafai burjua­zii muosir niz aqidahoi irrasionalii khudro inkishof doda isto­daast.

Ba muqobili  aqidahoi diniyu ide­alisti dar borai Xudo talimoti panteistii doroi tamoyuli naturfalsafi, ki on vahdati khudo va tabiatro etirof mekard (nig. Panteizm), ba vujud omada bud. Dar asrhoi miyona mutafakkironi Sharq (az jumla Forobi, Ibni Sino, Nasiruddini Tusi) talimoti navaflotuniyonro dar in masala asosi nazariyai khud qaror doda, dar asl mavjudiyati khudoro etirof karda boshand ham, dar bobi paydoishi olam nazariyai sudurro  paziruftand va dar asosi prinsipi sababiyat doirai  faoliyati khudoro mahdud sokhtand, ki in amal ogozi inkishofi afkori materialistii mutafakkironi Sharq ba shumor meravad.

Tasavvurotro dar borai Xudo va shaklhoi mukhtalifi mavjudiyati on dar ahdi qadimu jadid ateiston va marifatparvaron, khususan materialistoni fransavii a. 18 va L. Feyer­bakh sakht tanqid kardand (Nig. Ate­izm). Marksizm mohiyati shaklhoi nodurusti shuuri jamiyatro nishon doda, az bayn raftani shaklhoi mukh­talifi tasavvuroti irrasionali, az jumla tasavvurot dar borai Khudoro bo barham dodani antagonizmi ijtimoi va sokhtmoni chamiyati besinfi kommunisti aloqamand megardonad.                      M. Hazratqulov