KhITOBA

KhITOBA, khitobat, khatobat (arabi-guftor, sukhangui), porchai asari mansur, manzum va yo sukhanero guyand, ki ba mukhotib gufta meshavad. Dar ilmi maoni va bayon khitoba hunari sukhansaroiyu sukhanvarn buda, juzi sanati voizi hisob meshud. Voizon, ki mahorati sukhanguiyu sukhanronihoi shevo doshtand, az khitoba khele mohirona istifoda meburdand.

Dar Garb khitobaro deklamasiya (az lotini declamatio — zeboguftori) menomidand, ki on az Rimi Qadim sar karda, unsuri muhimmi sanati voizi (oratori) hisob meyoft. Holo deklamasiya yake az usulhoi khonishi badei shumorida meshavad. Davatu khitoba yake az shaklhoi asosii adabiyoti inqilobii tojik dar solhoi bist bud. Sherhoi «Ba munosibati hijrat ba Samarqand va «Marsiya»-i Ayni, «Asari omol» va «Khitob ba fuqaroi Bukhoro»-i Hamdi, «To ba kay» va «Bayoni hol»-i Munzim va gayra namunai osori revolyusionii arafai Inqilobi Bukhoro meboshand, ki ba davathoi shulavar ba galabai revolyutsiya khalqi yori rasondand.

Solhoi 20—30 dar adabiyoti tojik baze sherho ejod gardidaand, ki onhoro beshtar ba tavri shifohi, ru ba rui someon khele mutantan va ohangnok mekhondand. Dar zern unvoni in guna sherho bazan kalimai «deklamasiya»-ro ham menavishtand. Dar nazmi sovetii tojik yak navi nidoi ritoriki va murojiati purehtirosro niz khitoba meguyand. ki namunahoi onro dar ejodiyoti Payrav («Navidi Vakhshstroy», «Yak qurbonii kuchai burjuazii Avrupo»), Habib Yusufi va digaron daryoftan mumkin ast.       S. Tabarov.