KhIMIKONII KhOJAGII QIShLOQ

KhIMIKONII KhOJAGII QIShLOQ, istifodai moddahoi khimiyavi dar jarayonn istehsoloti khojagii qishloq; yake az unsurhoi asosii intensivonii khojagii qishloq ki ba afzoishi mahsuloti khojagii qishloq nigaronida shudaast. Ximikonii khojagii qishloq yak juzi khimikonii khojagii khalq meboshad, ki on ba sanoati khimiya asos yoftaast. Ximikonii khojagii qishloq masalahoi istifodai nurihoi minerali, vositahoi khimiyavii hifzi rastaniyu hayvonot az zararrasonu kasaliho, vositahoi muboriza bo alafhoi begona, ba kor burdani masolehi khimiyavi dar chorvodori, polimerho va digar masnuoti khimiyavi dar meliorasiyai zamin va gayraro dar bar megirad.
Istifodai nurihoi minerali yaks az masalahoi asosii Ximikonii khojagii qishloq meboshad. Soli 1982 khojagii qishloqi respublika 130,6 hazor ton nurihoi nitrogendor. 70,9 hazor ton nurihoi fosfordor, 17,2 hazor ton nurihoi kaliydor girift. Dar khojagii qishloq istifodai nurihoi moe (makhsusan nurihoi nitrogendor va mikronurinho) va nurihon bakteriyavi niz meafzoyad. Az nurihoi bakteriyavi dar khojagii qishloq beshtar nitragdaro istifoda mebarand.
Dar SSSR, az jumla dar Tojikiston, usulhoi meliorasiyai khimiyavii zaminro samarabakhsh istifoda mekunand. Gachandozi va ohakandozi turshii khokro past karda, tarkibi khimiyavi va hosilkhezii onro behtar megardonad. Dar khojagii qishloq baroi tezonidani rushdi rastani va afzudani hosili on, reshadavonii qalamcha va rasishi meva tanzimkunandav rushdi rastaniho (gibberellinho, kininho, auksinho va gayraro ba kor mebarand. Baroi teztar pukhta rasidani pakhta, oftobparast, kanakunjid va gayra az desikantho va dofoliantho istifoda mekunand. Soli 1982 kolkhozu sovkhozhoi respublika dar 334 hazor ga pakhtazor defoliasiya va desikasiya guzaronidand.
Sanoati khimiya baroi barham dodani zararrasonu kasalihoi ziroati khojagii qishloq va alafhoi begona moddahoi khimiyavi, baroi chorvodori boshad fosfathoi khuroki chorvo, karbamid, premiks, safedai mikrobiologii khuroki chorvo, ordi mohi, amipokislotaho, antibiotikho, vitaminhoi gunogun mebarorad. Dar natijai ba khuroki kamsafedai chorvo hamroh kardani karbamid az har sar gov 10—12 kg ziyodtar shir medushand.
Soli 1980 khojagii qishloqi Tojikiston 2,3 hazor ton (ba hisobi vohidi sharti) ilovahoi khimiyavii khuroki chorvo girift.
Dar khojagii qishloq masolehi polimeri niz ahamiyati kalon dorad. Masolehu masnuoti polimeriro dar sokhtmoni garmkhonayu parvardakhonaho, anborhoi muvaqqatii galla, sokhtmoni inshooti obyori, obanborho, tayyor kardani quburhoi zahbur va gayra farovon istifoda mebarand.
Baroi bo muvaffaqiyat ba amal barovardani Ximikonii khojagii qishloq mekhanizasiya khele muhim ast. Dar khojagii qishloq baroi zahroludonii tukhmi, dezenfeksiya va dezinseksiya, tayyor kardani moddahoi zahrnoki khimiyavi, poshidani nurihoi moe, gerbisidu fumigantho va gayra nuriposhak, poruposhak, tukhmiposhak, doruposhak, kultivator, fumigator va digar dastgohu moshinhoi gunogunro istifoda mekunayad. Dar SSSR ba inkishofi Ximikonii khojagii qishloq umuri agrokhimiyavii davlati musoidat menamoyad.
Adabiyot: Spravochniy kniga khimizasii selskogo khozyaystva, Moskva, 1969; Narzikulov (M. N., Kovalenkov L. G., Osnovi integrirovannoy zashiti khlopchatnika ot prediteley i bolezney Sredney Azii, I., 1977; Narodnoe khozyaystvo SSSR v 1980 g., Moskva, 1981. U. Rahmatulloev.