FINLYaNDIYa, Respublikai Finlyandiya (Suomi, Suomen Tasavalta), davlatest dar shimoli Evropa. Masohatash 337 hazor km2. Aholiash 4,9 mln nafar (1984). Besh az 93%-i aholi finho, boqimondaashon shvedho (6%). Zaboni davlati fini va shvedi. Aksari dindoron lyuteranhoyand. Poytakhtash shahri Khelsinki, Sardori davlat — prezident. Organi olli hokimiyati qonunbaror parlamenti yakpalatagist. Sohilhoi khalij Botnik va khaliji Fini bahri Baltika pastand va shkheraho (shakhhoi zeriobi)-i bisyore dorand. Qismi ziyodi hududi mamlakat hamvorist. Dar atrofi kulhoi qismi markazi, inchunin dar shimolu sharqi mamlakat qatorteppa va balandiho hastand. Iqlimash mutadili kontinentist. Harorati miyonai fevral az —3°S (dar janub) to —14vS (dar shimol), iyul az 17*S (dar janub) to 14—15°S (dar shimol). Borishoti solona 400—’700mm. Daryohoyash purobi serostona; qarib 60 hazor kul dorad, kalontarnnash kuli Sayma. Besh az 60% hududi Finlyandiya beshazor ast (asosan darakhtoni suzanbarg).
Dar hududi Finlyandiya dar hazorai 1 melod qabilahoi sum (suomi), em, karelhoi garbi maskun shudaand. Dar miyonai asrihoi 12—14 Finlyandiyaro shvedho zabt kardand. Soli 1809 dar natijan Jangi rusu shved (1808—09) Finlyandiya ba Rossiya hamroh karda shud. Dar hayati Rossiya Knyazi buzurgi Finlyandiya huquqi avtonomi dosht. 31 dekabri 1917 Hukumati Soveti Finlyandiyaro hamchun davlati mustaqil etirof kard (soli 1919 Finlyandiya respublika elon shud). Solhoi 1918—20 va 1921—22 otryadhoi finhoi safed ba Kareliyai Soveti hujum kardand. Oktyabri 1920 bayni Rossiyai Soveti va Finlyandiya shartnomai sulh basta shud va okhiri soli 1920 aloqai diplomati muqarrar gardid. Dar jangi bayni Ittifoqi Sovoti va Finlyandiya (1939) finho shikast khurdand; mohi marti 1940 shartnomai sulh basta shud. Doirahoi hukmroni Finlyandiya dar davrai Jangi duyumi jahoni