FARMAKOGNOZIYa

FARMAKOGNOZIYa (az yunoni rharmakon — doru va gnosis — dontay), yak fasli farmaciyafo guyand, ki ashyoi khomi doruvori naboti (ravgani efir, qatron, sharbat)-yu hayvoni va baze mahsuloti onro meomuzzad. Tadqiqi doruvor, moddahoi muassir, daryofti rastanihoi dorui, jamovari, khushkonidan, ba navho judo va muayyan kardani onho va gayra masalahoi asosii omuzishi Farmakognoziya meboshand. Farmakognoziya sohai qadimii farmasiya buda, avval dar bayni shumeriho, oshuriho, bobuliyon va badtar yunoniho rivoj yofta bud.

Asosguzori Farmakognoziya dar Evropa dukhturi Yunoni Qadim Disquridus (Dioskorid. asri 1 melod) ast. Asari u «Materia medica» to asri 19 chun dasturulamal doir ba Farmakognoziya bud. Jolinus niz dar inkishofi Farmakognoziya sahmi bosazo guzoshtaast. Tabiboni mashriqzamin (az jumla tojikon) az qadim baroi muolija az nabotot, hayvonot, ob va madanho doru tayyor menamudand. Zakariyoi Rozi, Aburayhoni Beruni, Abubakr Rabei Bukhoroi, Abualii Sino, Abumansur Muvaffaq ibni Alii Hiravi va digaron Farmakognoziyaro inkishof dodand. Solhoi 967—976 Abumansur Muvaffaq ibni Alii Hiravi ba zaboni tojiki «Kitob-ul-abniya an haqoiq-il-adviya» nom asare talif kard, ki 584 nomgui doru (465-toyash naboti, 74-toyash madani va 45-toyash hayvoni)-ro dar bar giriftaast. Dar «Al-Qonun»-i Ibni Sino 970 va dar «Kitob-us-saydana fi-t-tib»-i Beruni boshad, 4500 nomgui doruho zikr shudaand.
Dar Rossiya avvalin asarho doir ba Farmakognoziya asrhoi 17—18 paydo shudand. Dar inkishofi Farmakognoziya khizmati N. M. Ambodik-Maksimovich, A. P. Nelyubin, Yu. K. Trapp, V. A. Tikhomirov va digaron kalon ast. Masalahoi Farmakognoziya dar instituthoi tadqiqoti ilmii rastanihoi dorugii viloyati Moskva va khimikofarmasevtii Moskva, Toshkent, Kharkov, Instituti farmakokhimiyai RSS Gurjiston, instituthoi farmasevti va gayra tadqiq meshavand. Farmakognoziyaro dar maktabhoi oli va miyonai makhsusi farmasevti meomuzand.
Ad.: Gammerman A. F., Kurs farmakognozii, L.2, 1967; Nuraliev Yu., Medisina epokhi Avisenni. S., 198-1.
M. Mahmadshoev.