FARIDUN

FARIDUN yake az personajhoi asotiri qadimi eroni va «Shohnoma»-i Firdavsist. Az «malumoti kitobhoi «Rigveda» va Avesto («Obon-yasht», «Drvasp-yasht», «Zomiyod-yasht», «Yasno» va gayra) barmeoyad, ki qissavu rivoyatho oid ba Faridun dar hazorai 2 to melod vujud doshtaand. Usturai Faridun, nomu nasabi u nisbatan purratar dar osori pahlavi (kitobhoi «Bundahish», «Minui khirad» va gayra), tarikhhoi islomi («Tarikhi Tabari»), inchunin «Osor-ul-boqiya»-i Beruni, «Mujmal-ut-tavorikh»-i muallifi nomalum va gayra omadaast. Dar tarikhhoi islomi bunyodguzorii idi Mehrgon ba zamoni Faridun, ba yodi ruzi galabai vay bar Zahhok mansub donista shudaast.

Firdavsi dar ofaridani in obraz az qissavu rivoyathoi qadimi, asotiri avestoi va pahlavi istifoda kardaast. Muvofiqi malumoti u Faridun az avlodi Jamshed bud. Uro modarash az qalamravi Zahhok gurezonida, ba shiri gove bo nomi Barmoya kalon kard. Faridun ba kamol rasida, bo yorii Kovai Ohangar sohibi takhtu toj gardid va Zahhokro dar kuhi Damovand zanjirband kard. Faridun dar okhiri umr kishvarashro bayni se pisarash—Eraj, Salm, Tur taqsim kard. Firdavsi dar asosi malumoti asotiri boshad ham, obrazi, hukmroni odil va botadbirero ba vujud ovardaast, ki ba ideali shoir, ba voqeahovu vazi ijtimoi va siyosii zamonash sozgor bud. Dostoni Faridun va pisaroni u muvofiqi tasviri Firdavsi ahamiyati kaloni pandu akhloqi niz dorad. Qissai barodarkushi, ki Firdavsi dar dostoni Faridun du bor ba on murojiat kardaast (bori avval barodaroni Faridun — Kayonushu Purmoya mekhostand Faridunro az miyon bardorand), beshubha, inikosi voqeoti purshuri zamoni shoir ast va bori digar az haqiqatnigorii Firdavsi guvohi medihad.

Oid ba Faridun dar nasri omiyonai fors-tojik («Samaki ayyor»), ejodiyoti dahanakii khalq qissavu afsonaho vujud dorand. Dar ejodiyoti aksari shoiroii fors-tojik niz az Faridun yod meshavad.

Adabiyot: Abulqosim i Firdavsi, Shohnoma, jildi 1, Dushanbe, 1964. M. Dilovarov.