EKSPEDISIYaHOI ARKhEOLOGI DAR TOJIKISTON (EAT)

EKSPEDISIYaHOI ARKhEOLOGI DAR TOJIKISTON (EAT), ekepedisiyahoi ilme, ki bo maqsadi tadqiqi yodgorihoi bostonii respublika tashkil karda shudaand, Ekspedisiyai arkheologii Tojikiston (EAT; 1946 —73) s. 1946 tasis yofta, to 1952 Ekspedisiyai arkheologii Sugdu Tojik nom dosht. Dar tasisi on In-ti tarikhi madaniyati moddii AF SSSR (az s. 1959 In-ti arkheologiyai AF SSR), In-ti tarikhi Filologii tojikistonii AF SSSR va Ermitaji davlati ishtirok kardand. Ba ekspedisiya avval A. Yu. Yakubovskiy (1946—53),     minbad  M. M. Dyakonov (1953—54) va A. M. Beleniskiy (1954—73) rohbari kardand. Az olimoni Leningrad, ki s-hoi 1946—51 ba guruhhoi alohidai ekspedisiya rohbari kardaand, sahmi A. P. Okladnikov, O. I. Smirnova, A. M. Mandelshtam, B. I. Marshak, V. I. Raspopova kalon ast. Onho bori avval dar boloobi Zarafshon, vodihoi Vakhshu Hisor va vil. Kulob tadqiqoti arkheologi guzaronidand. Hafriyoti  Panjakenti Qadim, qabristoni Tupkhona, dimnahoi Kayqubodshoh va qalai Mir ogoz yoft. Badi tasisi AF RSS Toj. (1951) guruhi kaloni bostonshinoson (B. L. Latviyskiy, E. L. Davidovich, N. N. Nematov, T. I. Zeymal, V. A. Rakov, E. D. Saltovskaya, X. Yu. Muhiddinov, M. A. Bubnova, Yu. E. YOqubov, A. Ishoqov va dig.) ba tadkiqi arkheologii respublika mashgul shudand; tadqiqoti arkheologi cap to sari respublikaro faro girift.

Ham dar janub va ham dar shim. Tojikiston yodgorihoi ziyodi asrhoi sangu birinji, qarorgohho, boshishgohhoi mavsimii shikorchiyonu chorvodoron, qarorgohi magoragii Oqtangi va dar poyonobi d-hoi Kofarnihon, Vakhsh, Surkhob qabristonhoi ziyod tahqiq gardidand. YOdgorihoi arkheologii mansub ba hazorai 1 to m. (davrai sakoiho) az hama beshtar dar hududi Pomiri Sharqi tahqiq shudaand. Ziyoda az 200 pushta kashf gardid.

EAT dar tahqiqi tarikhi davrai qadimi Tojikiston (okh. khazorai 1 to m.— avv. hazorai 1 m.) sahmi kalon guzosht. Dar natijai hafr va tadqiqi qabristoni Tupkhona, Baldoyteppa, Garavqala va dimnai Shahrinav madaniyati davrai Kushoniyon ba davraho taqsim karda shud. Hafriyotu tahqiqoti yodgorihoi ibtidoi asrhoi miyona (a-hoi 5—8) — Panjakenti Qadim, Shahriston va Ajinateppa dastovardi asosii faoliyati bisyorsolai EAT ba hisob meravad. Dastahoi EAT yodgorihoi mansub ba asrhoi miyonai barkamol (Qaai Volo, Qalai Hisor va g.)-ro khafru tahqiq namudaand. Dar faoliyati EAT tadqiqoti numizmatiki va antropologi niz joyi namoyonro ishgol mekunad. Dar asosi materialhoi dastras ziyoda az 10 monografiya va sadho maqolahoi ilmi talif shudand. S-hoi 1954—73 majm. «Arkheologicheskie raboti v Tadjikistane» («Tadqiqoti arkheologi dar Tojikiston») nashr meshud. 3 jildi asarhoi EAT va 2 jildi alohida bakhshida ba sanati naqqoshi va haykaltaroshi (dar Panjakent) intishor yoftand.

Ekspedisiyai arkheologii jan. Tojikiston (EAST) s. 1973 dar zaminai EAT hamchun ekspedisiyai mustaqil tasis yoft. Sardorash B. A. Litvnnskiy. Dar faoliyati on In-ti tarikhi AF RSS Toj., In-ti sharqshinosii AF SSSR va Ermitaji davlati shirkat mevarzand. Az tarafi EAST yodgorihoi arkheologii r-nhoi jan. Tojikiston va Pomir tahqiq karda meshavand. Faoliyati EAST doir ba tahqiqi davrai asri sang imkoniyat dod, ki yodgorihoi asri sang dar jan. Tojikiston va Pomir ba davraho judo karda shavand. YOdgorihoi asri birinji dar nohiyai Norak va vodihoi Dangarayu Hisor kashf gardidand. Dar natijai hafriyoti Qalai Shodmon (p-ni Orjonikidzeobod), Urtabuz (Kolkhozobod), Gardanai Hisor, Hulbuk, Sayyod materialhoi ziyode ba dast omadand. EAST barobari hafriyoti arkheologi yak qator tadqiqoti numizmatiki va antropologiro niz ba anjom rasonidaast. S-hoi 1980—85 tamomi otryadhoi EAST dar tartib dodani kharitahoi arkheologii Tojikiston sahmi kalon guzoshtand.

Ekspedisiyai arkheologii kompleksii shim. Tojikiston (EAKShT) s. 1974 tasis yoftaast. Rohbarash N. Nematov. To in davra tadqiqi muntazami osoru yodgorihoi bostonii shahru dehoti vil. Leninobodro otryadhoi bostonshinosii «Khujand» (1954), «Khujandu Istaravshan» (1955) va «Shimoli Tojikiston» (1961—73)-i In-ti tarikhi AF RSS Toj. ba uhda doshtand. Holo EAKShT az guruhhoi «Khujand», «Shimolu garbi Fargona», «Istaravshan», «Nurteppa» va g. iborat ast. Faoliyati EAKShT dar tadqiqi yodgorihoi davrai asrhoi sangu birinji, ohae, davrai atiqa va asrhoi miyona khele nazarras ast. Azoyoni EAKShT dar omuzishi tashakkuli shahrsozi dar qismi shim. Osiyoi Khurd va havzai d. Sir, memorii kushku manzil va kokhi hokimon, marosimi dafn, uslubi obyori, hunari kuloliyu zargari, sanati tasviriyu kandakori va unsurhoi irfoniyu ahkomi dinii niyogoni tojikon asaru maqolahoi ziyod talif namudand. Yake az komyobihoi bostonshinosoni EAKShT muayyan namudani sanai ba vujud omadani Khujand va kashfiyoti Istaravshan meboshad. Tavassuti tadqiqoti arkheologi jabhahoi muhimmi hayati etniki, zabon, hayot madaniyu maishi va hunarii istaravshaniyoni qadim, Iskandariyai Aqso (Khujand), Uroteppa, Konibodom, Isfara, Asht va iqomatgohhoi kuhii chorvodoronu naqbkanoni Qadim nisbatan ravshan gardidand. Kormandoni ekspedisiya risolayu maqolahoi ilmi va ilmiyu ommavi talif namudand. Dar faoliyati ekspedisiya N. N. Nematov, E. D. Saltovskaya, U. P. Pulodov, S. Sh. Marofiev, A. K. Mirboboev, V. M. Sokolovskiy, T. V. Belyaeva, S. Muhammadjonova va dig. sahmi kalon meguzorand.

V. A.  Ranov, A. Mirboboev.