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Jumhurii Chad

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ChAD, Respublikai Chad (Republique du Tchad), davlatest dar Afrikai Markazi. Masoh. 1284 haz. km2. Aholiash 4680 haz. naf. (1984), asosan khalqiyathoi tubu, sari, bagirmi, khausa va arabho. Poytakhtash Njamena. Zaboni rasmi—fransavi. Beshtar az nimi aholi ba dini ananavii mahalli, boqimondaho ba dinhoi islom va nasroni etiqod dorand. Organi olii hokimiyat — Hukumati muvaqqatii yagonagii milli, raisi on sardori davlat. Qismi ziyodi sathash hamvori; dar shimol k-hoi Tibesti (balandiash to 3415 m) voqe gashtaand. Iqlim dar shimol tropikii biyoboni, dar janub ekvatorii mussoni. Haror. miyonai mohona 15—35°S. Borishoti solona az 100 to 1000 mm. Daryoi asosii kishtigard — Shari, ki ba kuli Chad jori meshavad. Qismi shimoli mamlakatro biyobon, janubashro savanna faro giriftaast.

Dar a. 9—okh. a. 19 dar hududi Chad davlathoi Kanem, Bornu, Vadai va g. vujud doshtand. Okh. a. 19 ekspansiyai Fransiya cap shud. Az s. 1904 hududi Chad dar hayati mustamlikai fransavii Ubangi-Shari — Chad bud; s. 1914 mustamlikai alohida gardid. Az 11 avg. 1960 Chad respublikai mustaqil ast. 13 apr. 1975 dar Chad tabadduloti harbi ba amal omad va hokimiyat ba dasti Sovetai olii harbi guzasht, konstitusiya bekor karda shud, faoliyati partiyahoi siyosi va ittifoqhoi kasaba man gardid. S. 1979 koalisiyam Hukumati muvaqqatii yagonagii milli tashkil yoft.

Chad mamlakati agrarist. 85%-i aholii qobili mehnat dar kh. q. band meboshad. Sohahoi asosii kh. q.: pakhtakori, arakhisparvari va chorvodrii charogohi (1980, ba hisobi mln cap: gov—4, buzu gusfand—4,6; khuk— 0,6 va g.). Aholii Chad ba mohigiri niz mashgul ast. Korkhonahoi sanoatiash: pakhtatozakuni, bofandagi va khurokvori. Tuli rohhoi avtomobilgard 40 haz. km. Ba khorija pakhta va mahsuloti chorvo mebarorad. Shariki asosii tijoratiash — Fransiya. Vohidi pul — franki afrikoi.

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Dehai SAFEDORON

SAFEDORON, dehaest dar Soveti qishloq Hakimii rayoni Komsomolobodi Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston. Territoriyai sovkhozi «Chorsada». …