ChILHUJRA

ChILHUJRA, kushki mansub ba asrhoi 5—9, ki 2,5 km janubtari dehai Shahristoni payoni Uroteppa, vil. Leninobod voqe ast. Chilhujra hanuz az okh. a. 19 dar ilmi bostonshinosi malum ast. Solhoi 1961—66 az tarafi otryadi bostonshinosii shim. Tojikiston omukhta shud. Chilhujra kushki murabba buda, dar boloi teppai baland az khishti khom va pokhsa bino yoftaast. On se davrai sokhtmonro az cap guzaronidaast. Ba davrai yakum (asrhoi 5—6) chor khonai markazi, ba Davrai duyum (asrhoi 6—7) rohravhoi garbi, shimoli va sharqi, ba davrai seyum (a. 7— ibt. a. 8) rohravhoi janubi va oshyonai duyum mutaalliqand. Chilhujra to ayyomi mo dar holati khub barjo mondaast. Bar khilofi ananahoi qadimii sanati memorii mahalli khonahoi Chilhujra gunbazdori murabba va mudavvar ne, balki zuzanashakl sokhta shudaast. Atrofi oshyonai duyum bo peshayvoni kushod ihota gardida, on to ruzhoi mo mahfuz mondaast (chunin usuli binosozi az kandakorii filizot va tasviroti Panjakenti Qadim paydost). Olimon to kashfi Chilhuja chunin mepindoshtand, ki trompho (yak nav kodokhoi kunjaki) vazifai ravzanro ham ado mekardand va tanho dar asrhoi 9—10 (maqbarai Somoniyon) paydo shudand. Ammo, chunon, ki ayon gardid, on hanuz dar a. 7 istifoda meshudaast.

Pagnai Chilhujra, ki oshyonahoi yakumu duyum va bomi binoro bo ham mepayvast, mujizai sanati memorist. On ba girdogirdi sutuni markazii mudavvar pechidaast. Dar yodgorihoi ibtidoi asrhoi miyona chunin pagnaho duchor nameoyand. Zinahoi dokhili kanora va peshtoqi binohoi az khishti pukhta binoyofta dertar ba hamin usul sokhta shudaand.

Az tarafi janubi binoi asosii kushk havlii murabba (20x20m) joy giriftaast. Daromadgohi on kaju kileb va baroi mudofia muvofiq buda, dar nazdi darvoza manori didboni dorad.

Khonahoi oshyonai yakumi Chilhujra dolonmonand buda, baroi nigoh doshtani zakhirai khurokvori taii shudaand. Oshyoiai duyum az tolori kalon, tolori khurd, ibodatgohi gunbazdor va chand khonai iqomati iborat budaand. Khonahoi khojagi va iqomatgoqi khizmatgoron qad-qadi devorhoi sharqi va garbii havli joy giriftaand.

Bozyofthoi Chilhujra ahamiyati kaloni ilmi dorand. Zarfhoi safolii yoftshuda khum, khumcha, khurma, dulcha, kuza, tabaq, guppi, deg, charogi siyoh va g. ki baso hunarmandona sokhta shudaand, az mahorati balandi kuloloni Istaravshan shahodat medihand.

Az chub zarf, duk, kafles va g. sokhtaand. Asbobhoi filizi (tabar, kord, paykon, zanjir), va birinji (medalon, zangula, darafsh, sagaki tasma va g.), dukhoi chubi, sangi, safoli va porchahoi matohoi pakhtagi, pashmi, palos va g., donahoi galla (gandum, jav, arzan), donakhoi meva (shaftolu, zardolu, olu, pista, angur, chormagz, zirk) va ustukhonn chorvoi khonagi az darajai taraqqiyoti istehsoli masnuoti filizi, bofandagi, gallakori, bogdori va chorvodorii Istaravshan guvohi medihand.

Devorhoi tolori kalon va tolori khurd bo tasviroti khushoburang oro yoftaand. Garchi tasvirot az sukhtor va nami khele zarar didaast, vale huvaydost, ki on ba nigorishoti Panjakenti Qadim shabohat dorad.

Dar Chilhujra se adad buti sukhtai chubi  yoft shudand, ki onho az khususi dar dini zardushtii Osiyoi Miyona barobari otash parastidani butho shahodat medihand.

Angushtarinhoi nuqragi va birinji, gushvorahoi birinji, niginho (az lali Badakhshon va shisha), muhraho (az marjang, aqiq, lojvard, shisha) mahsuli hunari zargaroni mahalliand. Brakteati az Chilhujra yoftshuda dar Osiyoi Miyona haftumin ast. Dar on tasviri tosarisinagii javoni tojpushi muydaroz va az du kanor katibaro mebinem. Brakteat osori barjastai sanati zargari va tasvirist.

Qadimtarin asbobhoi musiqii dar hududi Tojikiston badastomada az Chilhujayra yofg shudaand. Yake az onho nai bachagona ast, ki az qamish sokhta shuda, shash surokhi dorad. Digare saraki dastai ud ast va in asbob chor tor doshtaast.

Garonbahotarin bozyofti Chilhujra se takhtachaest, ki dar rui onho bo rangi siyoh khat navishtaand. Huruf va zaboni hujjat sugdist. Garchi shakli harfho va zaboni hujjathoi Chilhujra az huruf va zaboni Sugdi Samarqand dar juziyot farq mekunad, vale az bisyor jihat bo on umumiyat dorad.

Yake az in hujjatho zabonkhatest dar borai kiro kardani kharho hangomi jamovarii hosil.

To in dam dar hududi Istaravshan yagon hujjati purra va osebnadidae ba dast naomada bud va olimon roje ba zabon va khututi istaravshanihoi qadim der boz bahs doshtand. Hujjathoi Chilhujra in masalaro purra hal kardand. Malum shud, ki istaravshaniho bo hurufi sugdi navishta, bo yake az lakhjahoi mahallii zaboni sugdi gap mezadaand.

Chilhujra asari barjastai sanati memorii ajdodi tojikon buda, oid ba tarikhi sanati memori, kushksozi, istehkomot, khojagi, sanati tasviri, zargari, hunarmaidi va khattoti malumoti garonbaho dod.

Ad.; Pulatov- U. P, Chilkhudjpa. (Materialnaya kultura Ustrushani, v. 3), D 1975. U. Pulodov.