BONKI OSIYOII RUShD

BONKI OSIYOII RUShD (anglisi Asian Development Bank), bonki baynidavlatii mintaqavii kredithoi darozmuhlat baroi kishvarhoi Osiyo va havzai Uqyonusi Orom. Soli 1966 tashkil shuda, to imruz 64 davlat azoi on me- boshand. Sahomoni asosii Bonki Osiyoii Rushd: Jopon, IMA, Khitoy, Hinduston, Avstraliya, Indoneziya va Kanada. Bonki Osiyoii Rushd ba­roi havasmandii boloravii iqtisod dar Osiyovu Sharqi Dur, irsoli vomho (qarzho)-i mustaqim ba in mintaqaho va rasondani korburdhoi tekhniki musoidat mekunad. Qarorgohi Bonki Osiyoii Rushd dar shahri Manila (Filippin) buda, Pre­zidenti on az soli 2005 Kharukhiko Kurodai joponi meboshad. Baroi daryofti mablagkhoi krediti az Bonki Rushdi Osiyoi ham hukumathoi davlathoi azo va ham shakhsoni huquqi metavonand murojiat namoyand. Mablagi miyonai yak kredit – 15 mln dollari amrikoi ast, mablagi nisbatan kalon – to 50 mln dollar. Sohahoi afzaliyatnoki mablagguzorii Bonki Osiyoii Rushd: naqliyot, aloqa, sanoat, energetika, kishovarzi va moliya. Hajmi solonai qarzhoi peshnihodshavanda 6 mlrd dollari amrikoi va hajmi yorihoi tekhnikiash 180 mln dollari amrikoiro tashkil medihad. Peshnihodi qarzho tariqi fondhoi odi va makhsus surat megirad. Avvali ba­roi bo sharthoi tijorati, yane, muvofiqi meyori foizi bozori va ba muhlati nisbatan kamtar (15-25 sol), duvvumi baroi qarzhoi darozmuhlat baroi (25-40) bo foizi imtiyozi (1-3%) pardokht megardad. Davrai imtiyozi baroi qarzhoi odi 3-5 sol va az khazinai makhsus 10 sol ast. Soli 2006 Bonki Rushdi Osiyoi baroi jori namudani «vohidi pulii osiyoi» (VPO) qaror qabul kard, ki on dar 13 kishvari azoi on istifoda gashta, shoyad bo guzashti zamon ba Evroi osiyoi tabdil shavad. Mablaghoi Bonki Osiyoii Rushd – az hisobi haqqi uzviyati davlathoi azo (7 darsadi mablagi oinnomavii Bonk; taqriban 55 mlrd dollar), nasya giriftan az bozori baynalmilalii sahmiyaho va daromad az qarzdihi tashakkul meyobad. Loihahoi asositarin (nazarras)-i Bonki Osiyoii Rushd: kashidani lulai nafti faroafgoni, loihai yorii favri zimni zaminlarza va tufonho dar In­doneziya, barnomai mintaqavii istifodai d. Mekong.

Dar solhoi guzashta Bonki Rushdi Osiyoi ba Tojikiston dar hajmi taqriban 1 mlrd dollari amrikoi qarzhoi imtiyoznok, grantho va yorii tekhniki peshnihod namudaast. Ayni hol bo mablagi umumii 530 mln dollari amrikoi yak silsila loiha dar bakhshhoi energetika, naqliyot va moliyai davlati mav­ridi tatbiq qaror dorad. Tibqi barnomai sharikii Bonki Osiyoii Rushd va Tojikiston baroi solhoi 2012-2014 bahri behsozii shabakai rohhoi naqliyoti, amniyati energetiki, rushdi bakhshi khususi va idorakunii mintaqavi 200 mln dol­lari amrikoi (asosan dar shakli grant) judo megardad. Bo mablagguzorii grantii Bonki Osiyoii Rushd rohi moshingardi Du­shanbe – Tursunzoda to sarhaddi Uzbekiston mavridi navsozi qaror doshta, baroi bozsozii rohi moshingardi Ayni – Panjakent to sarhaddi Uzbekiston niz qaror qabul shudaast. Majmui loihahoi faol ba mablagi umumii 529 mln dollari amrikoi dar bakhshkhoi energetika, naqliyot va moliyai davlati dar holi tatbiq qaror dorand.

Dar Osiyoi Markazi Bakhshi hamkorii iqtisodii mintaqavii Osiyoi Markazi faoliyat doshta, JKhKh (Viloyati mukhtori Sinzyanu Uygur), Qazoqiston, Qirgiziston, Tojikiston, Uzbekiston, Ozarboyjon, Muguliston va Afgoniston azon on meboshand.

Adabiyot.: Rahimzoda Sh. Muomiloti puli va qarz. Dushanbe, 2008; Egorov A. V. Mejdunarodnaya finansovaya infrastruktura. Moskva, 2009.

Sh. Rahimzoda. I. Rahmatulloh.