BOLShAKOV Oleg Georgievich

BOLShAKOV Oleg Georgievich (tavallud 3.06.1929, shahri Tver), sharqshinos va tarikhnigori rus, doktori ilmhoi tarikh (1974), professor (1992). Khodimi khidmatnishondodai ilmi Federatsiyai Russiya (1997). Khatmkardai shubai arabii fakultai zabonhoi sharqii Universiteti davlatii Leningrad (1951). Hangomi donishjui va minbad dar guruhi bostonshinosoni AI Ittihodi Jumhurii Shuravii Sotsialisti dar hafriyoti Panjakenti Qadim shirkat varzidaast. Badi khatmi Universitet ba aspiranturai Ermitaji davlati dokhil shuda, soli 1954 dar mavzui «Safolhoi obyorii Movarounnahr dar asrhoi 8-12 hamchun yodgorii tarikhi» risolai nomzadi difo mekunad. Solhoi 1954-56 khodimi kaloni ilmii shubai Sharqi Er­mitaji davlati buda, beshtar ba tahiya va tasnifi mavoddi tarikhiyu bostonshinosii Osiyoi Markazi mashgul shudaast. Az dekabri 1956 to ok­tyabri 1966 kh. kh. ilmii bakhshi bostonshinosii Osiyoi Miyona va Qafqozi Instituti tarikhi farhangi moddi bud. U dar justujuhoi bostonshinosii hafriyoti Panjakent hamasola shirkat varzida, ba masalai shahrhoi asrimiyonagii musulmoni hamchun zuhuroti ijtimoiyu iqtisodi maroq zohir mekunad. Hamzamon masalai khatti arabi va khattotiro hamchun vasilai sanati tasviri dar jomeai asrimiyonagii musulmoni mavridi omuzish qaror medihad. Solhoi 1961-1962 va 1962-1963 dar hayati guruhi bostonshinosii Shuravi dar Nubiyai Misr shirkat varzi­da, hamzamon dar tahiya va tahriri muntakhaboti dujildai B. V. Bartold sahmi arzanda meguzorad, ki in raviyai tahqiqoti minbadaro dar jodai arabshinosi baroyash mekushoyad. Soli 1966 Bolshakov ba dastai arabshinosii shubai leningradii Instituti khalqhoi Osiyoi AI IJShS ba kor guzashta, az soli 1969 tahqiqoti ilmii «Shahrhoi asrimi­yonagii Sharqi Nazdik dar asri 7 to ahdi istiloi mugul»-ro ba anjom merasonad. Soli 1974 dar mavzui «Shahrhoi Osiyoi Miyona dar okhiri asri 8 – ibtidoi asri 13» risolai doktori himoya karda, in mavzuro payvasta idoma va takmil medod. Natijai nihoii in tahqiqot ri­solai «Shahrhoi asrimiyonagii Sharqi Nazdik dar asri 7 – nimai asri 13. Robitahoi ijtimoiyu iqtisodi» gardid, ki dar on rivoji shahrsozi, hududi afzoishi shahrho, shumorai aholi va digar omilhoi iqtisodiyu ijtimoii shahrhoi Sharqi Nazdik va Osiyoi Markazi dar muqoisa bo shahrhoi Avrupoi Garbi ovarda shudaast. Bolshakov az soli 1948 dar hafriyothoi bostonshinosii Panjakenti Qadim bo rohbarii A. Yu. Yakubovskiy, M. M. Dyakonov va A. M. Belenitskiy shirkat varzidaast. U vobasta ba shahristoni Panjakenti Qadim va digar shahrhoi Osiyoi Markazi yak qator maqolavu asarhoi ilmi navishtaast, ki dar onho oid ba tarikhi farhangi moddi va sanati qadimii khalqi tojik andeshahoi jolibu khotirmon meorad. Sahmi Bolshakov dar omuzishi tarikhi gustarishi islom dar Khurosonu Movarounnahr, tashakkuli hayoti ijtimoiyu iqtisodi, farhangi shahrsozi va sanati khalqhoi Osiyoi Markazi, az jumla tojikon dar asrhoi miyona, khele buzurg ast. Tayi solhoi 1969-80 dar hafriyoti bostonshinosii Iroq shir­kat varzidaast. Bolshakov hamchunin ba omuzishi tarikhi islom ru ovarda, tahqiqi paydoishi davlathoi musulmoniro dar kitobi chorjildai «Tarikhi khilofat» ba anjom rasonidaast, ki asosan ahdi davlatdorii khulafoi roshidinro faro megirad. Solhoi 1987-1990 dar hayati justujuyii bostonshinosoni Shuravi dar Iroq sahmi sazovor guzoshta, dar chandin donishgohi oli kurshoi makhsusi tarikhshinosii arabro dars medihad va ba korhoi ilmii unvonjuyon sarvari mekunad. Az soli 1986 khodimi ilmi va az mayi 1996 kh. k. ilmii shubai leningradii Instituti sharqshinosii AI Federatsiyai Russiya. Dorandai Mukofoti davlatii Federatsiyai Russiya dar sohai ilm va tekh­nika (2002). Bo Ordeni «Dusti»-i Tojikiston (2000) sarfaroz gardidaast.

Osor: Beleniskiy A. Moskva, Bentovich I. B., Bolshakov O. G. Srednevekoviy gorod Sredney Azii. Moskva, 1973; Gorod Sredney Azii v kon­se VII-nachale XIII vv. Avtoreferat doktorskoy dissertasii. L., 1974; Ocherki istorii arabskoy kulturi. V–XV vv./ Per. na arab­skiy yazik. Moskva, 1989; Istoriya Khalifata. T. 1. Islam v Aravii. 570-633. Moskva, 1989; Istoriya Khalifata. T. II . Epokha velikikh zavoevaniy. 633-656. Moskva, 1993; Istoriya Khalifata T. III. Mejdu dvukh grajdanskikh voyn. 656-696. Moskva, 1998; Istoriya Khalifata. T. IV. Moskva, 2010; Srednevekoviy gorod Blijnego Vostoka VII-seredina XIII v. Sosialno-ekonomicheskie otnosheniya. Moskva, 2001.

B. Abdurahmon.