BOLOMETR

BOLOMETR (yunoni bole – nur va … metr), asbob baroi chen kardani afkanishoti elektromagnita (asosan infrasurkh), ki dar asosi tagyiryobii muqovimati elektrikii moddai ba harorat hassos sokhta shudaast. Bolometrro soli 1878 munajjim va fiziki amrikoi S. P. Lengli (1834-1906) ikhtiro kardaast. Qismi asosii Bolometr lavhachai nihoyat tunuk (masalan, az platina yo yagon noqili digar) ast, ki baroi behtar furu burdani afkanishot siyoh karda shudaast. Binobar tu­nuk budan lavhacha tahti tasiri afkanishot zud garm shuda, muqovimatash tagyir meyobad. Bolometrho du namud mesha­vand: filizzi va nimnoqili. Bolometrhoi filizzi az platina, nikel, tilo sokhta shuda, ba tavassuti vurudgohi transformator nasb karda meshavand, chunki muqovimatashon kam ast. Bolometri nimnoqili az du termistori navori (gafsiashon to 10 mkm) iborat buda, az khulahoi nikel, kobalt, mangan sokhta meshavad. Termistori yakumi on faol buda, afkanishotro furu mebarad. Termistori duyum (ehtiyoti) az afkanisho­ti beruna emin ast va baroi jubroni tagyiroti harorati muhit khidmat mekunad. Bo Bolometrho harorati obekthoi dastnoras yo masofaashon gunogun niz chen karda mesha­vand. Bolometrhoi termorezistorii avvalin dar radifhoi masnui Zamin nasb karda shuda budand. Bolometr ba hamai spektri afkanishot hassos ast, vale onro asosan dar akhtarshinosi (astronomiya) baroi ba qayd giriftani afkanishoti darozii mavjash nihoyat kutoh (submillimetri) istifoda mebarand.

M. Kholov.