BOJ

BOJ Boj, Boz (az forsii qadimi boji va avestoii baj – taqsim kardan, qismat kardan), nave pardokhti puli, ki az molhoi voridoti dar bojkhonahoi bandari va sarhaddii davlat sitonida meshud. Hamchunin Boj mol va puli naqde bud, ki hokimoni mahalli va amiron ba shoh mepardokhtand. Dar kishvarhoi asrimiyonagii Sharq Boj bazan ba joy jizya va zakot niz istifoda shuda, korburdi daqiqe nadosht. Dar zamoni Ashkoniyoi az molhoi abreshimii voridotii Chin, molhoi Hind va Rum Boj sito­nida meshud. Boj dar davrai Sosoniyon az hunarmandon, dehqonon va tojiron sitonda meshud, ki masuli onro istroyushonsolor meguftand. Sosoniyon baroi jamovarii Bojuu khiroj devonro tasis dodand, ki badan arabho onro korbast kardand. Dar zamoni khilofati Umar (634-44) pardokhti Boj dar kishvarhoi zabtshuda jori gardid. Ba sa­babi vujud iadoshtani dastur yo muqarrarote dar zamoni khilofati Umaviyon taqriban az hama molho Boj mesitondand va jamovarii onro yake az yovaroni amiron ba uhda dosht. Dar zamoni Somoniyon beshtar dar guzargohhoi Omudaryo az har shutur du dirham, az aspvor yak dirham va az kharvor nim diram Boj sitonda meshud. Hamchunin hokimoni Siiston, Khorazm, Bust va Gaznin dar davrae, ki ba nomi amironi somoni khutba namekhondand, ba davlati Somoniyon Boj mesupurdand. Dar davrai Abbosiyon meyori Boj vobasta ba arzish va sifati mol dar sarhaddoti gumruki girifta meshud. Dar hududi khilofat az tojironi musulmon 2,5%, tojironi mahalli 5% va gayrimusulmonon 10 darsadi arzishi mahsulot Boj sitonda meshud. Az molhoi voridoti dar bandarhoi tijorati niz Boj mesitondaand. Ba qavli Abdurrazzoqi Samarqandi, dar bandarhoi tijoratii Hind ba gayr az tilo va nuqra az digar molhoi voridoti ba miqdori 10 darsadi arzishi moli voridshuda Boj si­tonda meshud. Saljuqiyon az hokimoni zertobei khud ba vositai amid yo omil Boj mesitondand. Hulogu, ba qavli Rashidaddin hangomi az daryoi Jayhun guzashtanash rasmi dar guzargohho az kishtiho Boj giriftanro man kard.

Boj dar Movarounahr az zamoni Temuriyon to tashkilyo­bii davlati Mangitiyon muvofiqi shariat 2,5 darsadi arzishi molro tashkil medod. Dar asrhoi 16-19 dar Osi­yoi Markazi ziyoda az 60 nomgui Boj mavjud bud: charoi chor­vo, bunak, begori, dallolona, dahyak, dudona, dargona, zarilashkar, zakot, zakoti tul, zakoti tijorat, kalontar, kavsan, kabudbari, kotibona, maysapuli, mahr, mirobona, mazore, muqotaa, muharriri, mirobona, muhassilin, mushrifona, navkhonapuli, nombardori qushun, nikohona, obpuli, oqsaqoli bozor, peshkash, roziyona, sarshumor, sarikasi sanadpuli, safedbari, tagjoi bozor, taloqkhat, tamga, tankhoh, tortuq, tukhmipuli, ulufa, ushr, uskunatpuli, farsakhpuli, qushpuli, haqqi tarozu, jizya, rohpuli, osiyobpuli, va gayra. Qushbegi yo yake az nazdikoni amir masuli jamovarii Boj budand. Meyori Boj bad az muayyan shudani andozai hosil vobasta ba narkhi bozor muqarrar karda meshud. Hangomi guzarondani chorvo az rohi markazii Bukhoro az asp 20 tanga, az gov 10 tanga va az hayvoni khurd 5 tanga Boj mesitondand. Hamchunin hangomi guzarondani chorvo az Puli Sangin, Puli Pumbachi va az hududi yak beki ba hududi digar beki Boj sitonida me­shud. Az mardumi gayrimusulmoni Amorati Bukhoro, yahudiyon, rusho va arabho Boj mesitondand. Muvofiqi shart­nomai Zirabuloq (23 iyuni 1868) tojironi rus dar hududi Amorati Bukhoro az pardokhti Boj ozod shudand. Dar hududi Sibir tojironi bukhoroi to okhiri asri 16 az pardokhti Boj ozod budand. Az soli 1842 tartiboti mazkur bekor gardi­da, dehqononi bukhoroi 8 rubl Boji obrok va tojiron 10 rubl Boji dudi pardokht mekardand.

Adabiyot: Haqimov N., Azizqulova G. S. Tarikhi davlat va huquqi khalqi tojik. Jildi 2. Dushanbe, 2003;

S. Husaynov.