ABUSULAYMONI MANTIQI

ABUSULAYMONI MANTIQI Muhammad ibni Tohir Ibni Bahromi Sijistoni (912, Siston – 985, Bagdod), olim, mantiqshinos va faylasufi asri 10. Roje ba ahvolu osori u shogirdonash, az jumla Abuhayyoni Tavhidi va Ibni Nadim ittilo dodaand. Dar «Al-Fehrist» Ibni Nadim dar du mavrid az Abusulaymoni Mantiqi yod kardaast, vale talimoti u tavassuti Abuhayyoni Tavhidi to ba ruzgori mo omada rasidaast. Abusulaymoni Mantiqi  dar ovoni javoni ba omuzishi ilmi fiqh mashgul bud. Muhimtarin asari Abusulaymoni Mantiqi   «Sivon-ul-hikmat» meboshad, ki manbai mutabari arabi dar borai olimon, faylasufon, tabibon va digar shakhsiyathoi barjastai Yunoni boston va donishmandonu mutafakkironi mashhuri davrai islomi to asri 10 me­boshad.

Asli in kitob az bayn rafta va on chy to ba ruzgori mo rasida, muntakhabe az on meboshad, ki murattib ba on matolibe az khud afzudaast. Az on 4 dastnavis dar kitobkhonahoi Turkiya va Britaniyai Kabir mahfuzand. Oso­ri digari Abusulaymoni Mantiqi  «Makola fi kamol- il-khos bi navi inson», «Maqolot fi marotibi quvvo-ul-inson..«Ka­lom fi-l-mantiq», «Risola fi siyosat», «Maqolot fi tabiat-il-ajrom- il-ulviya» va gayra meboshand. Abusulaymoni Mantiqi   yake az durakhshontarin donishmandoni ahdi avvali islom bud. Dar falsafa Abusulaymoni Mantiqi   ravishi makhsus dosht.

Zimni barrasii matolibi aqlu vahi Abusulaymoni Mantiqi  fikrhoi jolibero bayon namuda, az jumla takid mekunad, ki dinro boyad az falsafa judo kard, zero aql chize meboshad, ki har kas ba andozai tavonoii khud az on bahra mejuyad, ammo vahi nuri hamaro farogir ast. Az in ru, paygambar farotar az faylasuf va okhiri furutar az payombar dar martaba qaror dorand. Dar in mavrid faylasuf boyad az payombar payravi kunad, zero agar aql kofi mebud, vahyro sude nabud. Bardoshti inson az aql niz yaknavokht nakhohad bud. Az tarafi digar, Abusulaymoni Mantiqi  falsafa va arzishi onro rad namekunad va miyoni dinu falsafa chunin fark meguzorad: fal­safa khaq ast, ammo bo shariat saru kor nadorad, shariat niz haq ast, vale ba falsafa etinoe nadorad.

Pas az ovardani digar vijagihoi dinu fal­safa Abusulaymoni Mantiqi  ba chunin natija merasad: afrode, ki ba falsafa mashgul meshavand, boyad nazari khudro az dinashon bigirand va ashkhose, ki ba din shugl mevarzand, boyad az falsafa sud juyand va on chi az shariat dar aklu ray dur menamoyad, etiroz nakunand. Abusulaymoni Mantiqi   mutakallimonro mavridi intiqod qaror medihad va oshkoro bayon mesozad, ki onho baroi difoi khud va mavridi hamla qaror dodani mukholifonash dast ba lafzu ibhomhoi behosilu bepoya mezanand va gumon mekunand, ki talimoti dinro az in tariqu ravishi sitezgaroyonai khud gani megardonand. Nazari Abusulaymoni Mantiqi  dar borai khudo az on iborat ast, ki on «mavjud» ast ba manii lafzii in kalima, zero «mavjud» dar manii lugavi (istilohi)-i on taqozoi martabai «vojid» mekunad, ki boyad bo­lotar az rutbai «vujud» boshad. Aql dar idroki khudo va ihotai u nota- von ast va inson boyad tanho ba anniyat (hasti) va huvviyati u mutaqid boshad. Ba fikri Abusulaymoni Mantiqi   vahdoniyati khudo tashbehro qabul nadorad va kase, ki bo aqli solimu nekui khud va bo ikhlosi tamom ishora ba zoti khudo ku­nad, tavhidi ilohiro ba andozai tavonoii khud dark kardaast.

Adabiyot: Abusulaymoni Sijistoni. «Sivon-ul-hikma», bo kushishi Abdurahmon Badavi, Toshkent, 1973; Doirat-ul-maorifi buzurgi islomi, jildi 5, Toshkent, 1372.

M. Hazratqulov.