Shahri Vladikavkaz in poytakhti Respublikai Osetiya Shimoli meboshad va onro peshtar (to 1931 — Vla­dikavkaz, az 1944 to 1954— Dzaujikau va 1955-1990 Orjonikidze) menomidand. Masohati shahr 291 km² meboshad.  Dar sohili daryoi Terek voqe ast. Aholiash 1 millionu 80 hazor nafar dar 2017 sol dosht. Vladikavkaz kalontarin markazi sanoat va madaniyati respublika meboshad. Sohahoi muhimi sanoati …

Orogen (az yunoni oros — kuh va …gen), marhilai duyumi inkishofi geosinklinalhost (zonahoi az jihati tektoniki serharakati qishri Za­min). Dar in marhila qishri Zamin bolo bardoshta shuda, kuhho ba vujud meoyand. Istilohi Orogenro soli 1921 geologi avstriyagi L. Kober ba ilm dokhil kardaast. Muvofiqi aqidai u Orogen dar bayni massahoi …

Orjonikidze, qulla dar Pomir, dar shokhai janubi sharqii qatorkuhi Akademiyai Fanho. 8 kilometr sharqtar az qullai Kommunizm voqe ast. Balandiash 6346 metr (az rui malumothoi digar 6280 metr). Nishebihoyash bo piryakhu barfhoi bisyorsola pushida shudaand. Ba sharafi G. K. Orjonikidze nomidaand. Qullaro bori avval 28 avgusti 1937 ishtirokchiyoni ekspeditsiyai Pomir …

Orogenez, orogenezis (yunoni oros — kud va …askez), kuhpaydoshavi, harakathoi kuhpaydoshaviest, ki dar nohiyahoi geosinkli­nali az tasiri massahoi tazyiqovar ba amal meoyand. Istilohi «Orogenez»- ro soli 1890 geologi amerikoi G. Dil­bert ba ilm jori namud. Avvalho chunin meshumoridand, ki az Orogenez jinho va kuhho paydo meshavand. Ba fikri olimoni soveti …

Orjonikidze, dehaest dar Soveti qishloqi Kalinini rayoni Kolkhozobod, viloyati Qurgonteppa. Territoriyai kolkhozi ba nomi M. Gor­kiy. Az Orjonikidze to markazi Soveti qishloq 5 kilometr, to rayon 15 kilometr; roh kisman asfaltpush. Aholiash 1315 nafar (1981), to­jikon va uzbekho. Maktabi miyona, klub, kitobkhona, punkti tibbi, maga­zin dorad. Sohahoi khojagi — pakhtayu …

Orografiya (az yunoni    — kuh va …grafiya), yak fasli geomorfologiyaro guyand, ki bo tasnifu tasviri shaklhoi relef (qatorkuhho, balandiho, khamiho va gayra) mashgul ast. Orografiya az rui nishonahoi zohirii relef, capfi nazar az paydoishi on, dar borai mavqe, andoza (balandi, tul) va gayra malumot medihad. Orografiya, yake az unsurhoi asosii …

Orifi (takhallus; Fathulloh ibni Kotibi Darveshi Sherozi; soli tavallud nomalum — vafot 1562), shoir va muarrikhi eroni. Asarhoyashro ba zabonhoi forsi va turki ejod karda­ast. Shohnomachii (shakhse, ki tarikhi manzumi hukmronii sultonhoi Turkiyai usmoniro menavisht) sultoni Turkiya Sulaymoni 1 (hukmronii 1520—66) bud. Ba qalami u tarikhhoi manzum dar shakli masnavi …

Oroishi sahna, nigared Sanati oroishi sahna.

Ortogenez (az yun. orthos — rost va …genea), ortoevolyusiya, farziyai biologiest dar borai rohi muayyani tahavvuli mavjudoti zinda. Bino ba in farziya inkishofi shaklhoi organiki peshaki muqarrar gardida, faqat ba rohhoi muayyan jarayon megirad (ba misli afzoishi kristallho dar satkhhoi qatiyan mu­ayyan). Olimoni nemis T. Enmer (1888) va V. Khakke …

Oriya, utkali, khalqest dar Hinduston, aholii asosii muzofoti Oriss. Shumoraash 23,5 million nafar. (1978). Zabonash oriyagi. Ajdodi Oriya dar davlati Kalinga maskun buda, badho ba hayati davlathoi Mav­rin, Gupt, Kharshi (asri 7), asrhoi 16- 19 ba hayati davlati Temuriyoni Hind dokhil shudaand. Badi istiqloliyati Hinduston territoriyai millim Oriya ba muzofoti …