MANUFAKTURA (az zaboni lotini «manufacture», yane az «manus» — dast va «factura» — tayyor kardan), korkhonai kapitalisti buda, ba taqsimoti mehnat va hunari dasti asos yoftaast; davrai duyumi taraqqiyoti sanoati kapitalistist, ki pesh az davrai istehsoloti moshini joy dosht. Manufaktura dar miyonahoi asri 16 paydo shuda, to okhiri asri 18 …

MANFIAT – az zaboni arabi girifta shuda manoi «foida» yo  «sudi ijtimoi», dorad va beshtar ba sohoi iqtisodiyu ijtimoi mutaaliq ast. Ba zaboni russi Manfiatro asosan hamchun «Interes» yo «Blago» tarjuma meshavad. Manfiat kategoriyai ijtimoi, ki sabab va tarzi munosibati intikhobii subektro nisbat ba obekt, jarayoni maqsad, diqqatu khohish va …

LOIQ ShERALI (takhalusash «Loiq») shoiri barjastai tojik. Loiq sanai 20.5.1941 dar dehai Mazori Sharifi nohiyai Panjakent tavallud shuda sanai 30-yumi iyuni 2000-um sol dar sh. Dushanbe vafot kard va uro dar oromgohi Luchob dafn kardand. Loiq Sherali az oilai dehqon bud. Azoi hizbi partiyai komunisti az soli 1972 bud. Instituti …

Lorents Khedrik Anton – fiziki golland, asosguzori nazariyai elektroni (18.7.1853 dar Arnem tavallud shuda 4.2.1928 dar Kharlem vafot kardaast). Soli 1875 Universiteti Ley­denro khatm kard. Solhoi 1878—1923 professori hamon universitet. Az soli 1923 direktori Instituti tadqiqoti ilmi dar Kharlem (dar nazdikii Leyden). Yak qator hodisahoi muhimi elektroniyu optikiro dar asosi nazariyai …

MANSABPARASTI – in sifati manfii akhloqi, raftor va faoliyati khilofi jamiyatie, ki ba shuhrat va tamakori ravona shudaast. Ba zaboni russi kalimai Mansabparastiro chun «Vlastolyubes» yo «Karerist» va ba zaboni anglisi «Ambitious» meguyand.  Mansabparasti yake az shaklhoi khudbini buda, aksarai dar zeri niqobi sadoqat va tayyor budan ba ijroi vazifahoi …

LOTERYOYa – shakli ikhtiyori oid ba jalbkunii mablaghoi aholi bo rohi fu­rushi bilethoi lotereya. Lotoreya az kalimai itoliyoi «lolteria» va fransuzi «hlot» — qura girifta shudaast. Qismi mablagi jamshuda ba tariqi burd dar namudi puli yo moli boz ba kharidoroni bilet bargardonida meshavad. Shaklhoi beshtar pahnshudaashon: muqarrari, sporti, raqami. Dar …

LOGOMETR – asbobi elektrchenkunanda, ki nishondodi aqrabaki on ba nisbati du qimati buzurgii elektriki (odatan quvvai jarayon) mutanosib ast. Logometr az zaboni yunoni “Logos” — kalima, dar in jo nisbat va “Metr” girifta shudaast. Logometr atnitoelektriki, elektrodinamiki, ferrodinamiki va elektromagniti meshavand. Qismi harakatnoki Logometrhoi magnitoelektriki, ki beshtar mamuland az 2 element, masalan, galtakhoi 1 …

LOTARINGIYa (Lorraine), viloyati tarikhi dar shimoli sharqi Faronsa. Masohati hozirai Lotaringiya departamenthoi Mozel, Myort va Mozel, Myoz va Vogezro darbar megirad. Masohatash 23,5 hazor kilometr Aholiash 2,3 mln. nafar (2017s) buda tuli 40 soli okhir qarib be tagyir mondaast. Lotaringiya— bazai asosii madani okhan va sanoati metallurgii Faronsa meboshad. Dar …

MAKTABI USULI JADID – navi maktab, ki bar khilofi maktabi kuhnai dinii musulmoni ba juz ulumi dini roje ba zaboni modari, tarikh, arifmetika, geografiya, tabiiyot va gayra malumot medod. Maktabi usuli jadid badi ba Rossiya hamroh shudani Osiyoi Miyona va kushodani maktabhoi rusi dar shahrhoi sobiq kishvari Turkiston va shinosoii odamoni …

LUNOKhOD – in apparati khudgardi qamari, vositai naqliyotiest, ki ba tarzi avtomati (az Zamin) va yo az tarafi khudi kayhonnavardon idora karda meshavad. Nakhustin apparati khudgardi qamari «Lunokhod bud, ki onro stansiyai avtomatii baynisayyoravii (SAB) soveti «Luna-17» ba sathi Moh burda rasond; dar sathi Moh az 17.11.1970 to 4. 10. 1971 …