MAKTABI DUNYaVI – maktabe, ki malumoti dunyavi medihad. Maktabi dunyavi hangomi az muassisahoi dini ba ikhtiyori davlat guzashtani maktabho ba vujud omad. Avvalin maktabhoi dunyavi asri 14 dar Angliya va asri 16 dar Germaniya tasis yoftand. Maktabhoi usuli nav (nigared Maktabi usuli jadid), maktabhoi rusii mahalli khususiyati Maktabi dunyavi doshtand, yane …

MAYMAKIHO (Juncaceae), oilai giyohhoi yak yo bisyorsolai yakpallagi; bazan ba namudi butta ham meshavand. Bargi tasma yo girdashakl, guli odatan dujinsa va guzameva dorand. 8—9 jins (qarib 400 namudi Maymakikho asosan dar mavzehoi nam, botloqzor, vodiyahoi mutadil va khunuk, inchunin dar balandkuhhoi tropiki meruyand. Dar Tojikiston yak jinsi Maymakiho (maymak) …

MAKKA (tavsifhoyash: Makkai mukarrama, Ummulduro — modari dehaho, Ummulmadoin — modari shahrho va gayra), shahri Makka dar qismi garbii Arabistoni Saudi. Markazi mamuri va tijoratii viloyat Hijoz. 70 kilometr durtar az sohili bahri Surkh, dar bayni talu teppaho voqe ast. Rohi avtomobilgard Makkaro bo shahrhoi

Libosi millii tojiki: Malumothoi qadima oid ba Libosi ajdodoni qadimtarini tojikon dar asarhoi muarrikhoni yunoni va khitoi vomekhurand. Bozyofthoi arkheologi, surahoi rui devorho va tasviroti rui sang shahodat medihand, ki ajdodoni tojikon az davrai tashakkuli tarikhiashon doroi namudhoi gunoguni kallapushu kuloh va predmethoi oroishu zebu zinati milli budaand. Tadqiqoti bozyoftho, …

LESAKHO (dar dehot «Shlyuk» va ba zaboni russi “Ulitka” menomand) – in narmbadanhoi shikampoi khushkigardero guyand, ki ba qatori «Stylommatophora» mansuband. Lesakho gushmohi nadorand (osori on faqat dar zeri mantiya boqi mondaast). Tanashon kirmshakl yo ustuvonashakl ast. Dar Tojikiston 10 namudashon (az 4 jins) malumand. Lesakho jonvaroni namidust meboshand. Lesakho …

MAOD (az zaboni arabi girifta shuda manoyash «joi bozgasht», «saranjom», «okhirat» meboshad), dar talimoti diniyu falsafi badi vafot bozgashtani inson, zindagii badi marg. Ba aqidai ahli dinu diyonat odam badi marg zinda meshavad va gunahkoron ba duzakhu begunohon ba bihisht meravand. Mashshoiyon Maodhoi ruhoniro tarafdori namuda, Maodhoi jismoniro inkor kardaand. …

LIKhTENShTEYN (Liechtenstein), Knyazii Likhtenshteyn, davlat dar Evropai Markazi, dar sohili rosti boloobi daryoi Reyn, dar bayni Shveytsariya va Avstriya. Masohatash taqriban 160 kilometri murabba. Aholiash soli 2017-um 37,1 hazor nafar buda tuli 500 soli okhir hamagi 10 marotiba ziyod shudaaastu khalos. Khorijiyon 50% -i aholii on meboshand. Poytakhtash shahri Vaduts …

LUQMONI HAKIM – hakimi afsonaviest, ki ba obrazi badei tabdil yoftaast. Dar ejodiyoti dahonakii khalqi tojik, khususan dar hikoyavu afsonahoi realiyu maishi va naqlu rivoyatho mavqei in obraz khele ka­lon ast. Az rui tasviri asarhoi khalqi Luqmoni Hakim shakhsi fozil va donishmandi buzurge meboshad. Vay inchunin tabibi hoziku purdonest, ki …

Respublikai Malta – davlat dar galajazirai Malta, dar qismi markazii bahri Miyonazamin. Masohatash— 316 km². Aholiash 430 hazor nafar (2017). Poytakhtash shahri Valletta. Malta— respublika (az dekabri 1974). Sardori davlat — prezident. Organi qonunguzor — Palatai namoyandagon. Hokimiyati ijroiya hukumat buda, ba parlament hisobot medihad. Tabiat. Sohilhoi janub va janubu …

MANJURHO (khud ÂŤmavchju nyalmaÂť guyand; ba khitoi: mavchju jev si jen), khalq, aholii asosii shimolu sharqi khitoy, asosan dar qismi janub Manjuriya zindagi mekunand. Shumoraashon qarib 11 mln. nafar (2017 sol). Ba zaboni manjuri faqat dar muzofoti Kheylunszyan, dar digar mavzehoi Khitoy boshad, ba zaboni khitoi gap mezanand. Mutaqidoni dinu …