MAYNA (Acridotheres tristis), paprandaest az oilai soch. Darozii tanash qarib 25 sm. Rangash khokistari siyohtob. Dar shikam va az dum parhoi safed dorad. Asosan dar Osiyoi Janubi zindagi mekard. Avvali asri 20 dar Osiyoi Miyona, solkhoi 30 to Qazoqistoni Janubi pahn shudaast. Areali Mayna toraft vase shuda istodaast. Mayna dar …

MAYOR (lot. major — buzurg, kalon), dar Quvvahoi Musallahi Jumhurii Tojikiston va armiyahoi digar davlatho rutbai (mansabi) ofiseroni kalon meboshad. Rutbai Mayorro bo yak adad sitorachai dar bayni pogon joygirshuda meshinosand. Dar Quvvahoi Musallahi Russiya rutbai Mayor az 22 sentyabri 1935 jori shudaast. Ba rutbai kapitani rangi 3-yumi baze kishvarho …

MAZHAB (arabi- roh, ravish), shuba yo shokhai fiqhi sunnii musulmoni meboshad. Dar adabiyoti dinii asrhoi miyona roje ba mazhab, firqa va hatto jarayonhoi islomi fikri sobitu mamule vujud nadorad. Muarrikhoni din chi qabl az Muhammadi Shahristoni va chi bad az u mazhab va firqahoi islomiro ba ham omekhtaand va goh …

MAZHAKA, muzhika (arabi—mazoh, mazoq, hazl, shukhi, mutoiba), yak navi jinsi drama.  Ba zaboni russi mazhakaro «Shutka, Zabava yo khud Komediya» menomand.  Mazhaka guyo ba hodisahoi tasodufi asos yofta, ikhtilofho bo yorii nizohoi syujet oshkor megardand. Khulqu atvori personajhoi Mazhaka ba misli fojia va drama inkishof va tagiir namyoband. Mohiyati personaji …

MAIShAT, tarzi zindagii ruzmarra, dar sosiologiya faoliyati ijtimoii gayriistehsoliero menomand, ki az majmui talaboti moddii odamon ba khurok, pushok, manzil, tandurusti va gayra iborat buda, azkhud namudani nemathoi manavi, tarzi munosibati odamon, tashkili istirohat va gayra maqsadi on meboshad. Maishatro ba zaboni rusi «Udovolstvie» va Anglisi «Pleasure» meguyand. Maishat jamiyati va …

MANGAN (az lotini Manganum) – elementi khimiyavii guruhi VII sistemai davrii Mendeleev; raqami at. 25, massai at. 54,9380; metalli vaznini safedi nuqratob. Yak izotopi sobit (55Mp) va du izotopi suni (82Mp, 5vMp) dorad. Manganro yakumin marotiba olimi shved Gans (1774) dar natijai garm kardani omekhtai pirolyuzit va angisht hosil namud. Mangan 0,1 …

MAKTABI KUHNA, muassisai talimie, ki dar ikhtiyor va zeri nazorati ahli din bud va ba davrahoi gunoguni tarikhi nisbat dosht. Ba Maktabi kuhna maktabhoi konfessionali, marosimhoi qadimi, maktabu madrasahoi musulmoni va gayra dokhil meshavand. Maktabi konfessionali avvalhoi asri miyona dar Avrupoi Garbi kushoda shudaast. Maqsadi maktabi mazkur az talimu targibi …

MAKAKHO (Masasa, Macacus), jinsi maymuni biniboriki darajai past az zeroilai antariho. Darozii badanashon  34—65 sm; dumashon 5— 70 sm; vaznashon az 3,5 to 18 kg. Pashmi zardi bur, bazan siyoh; dorand. 12    namudashon malum buda, yak namudashon dar Afrika (Marokash, Tunis, Alchazoir) va 11 namudi boqimonda beshtar dar Osiyoi Janubi …