UQYONUSIYa

UQYONUSIYa, Okeaniya, kalontarin tudai jazirahoro guyand, ki dar qismhoi markazi va janubu garbii uqyonusi Orom, bayni arzhoi subtropikii Nimkurai shimoli va mutadili Nimkurai janubi voqe gashtaast. Qarib 10 hazor jaziraro dar bar megirad. Masohatash 1.26 mln km2. Aholiash 6,5 mln nafar (1979). Kalontarin jaziraho — Gvineyai Nav va Zelandiyai Nav qarib 80% masohati Uqyonusiyaro tashkil medihand. Hangomi khunukihoro ba qitahoi olam taqsim kardan Uqyonusiyaro odatan ba qitai Avstraliya dokhil mekunand, bazeho khudi Uqyonusiyaro qitai alohida mehisoband.

Uqyonusiya ba Melaneziya, Mikroneziya, Polineziya va Zelandiyai Nav taqsim meshavad. Aksariyati jaziraho az jihati paydoish vulqoni (jazhoi kuhsori Gavay, Samoa, Markiz, Jamiyat, Kuki Janubiash, Tubuai, Paskha va gayra) va marjony (jazirahoi pasti Marshall, Karolina, Gilbert, Tuvalu, Tokelau, Kuki Shimoliash, Feniks, Layn, Tuamotu, Nauru va gayra) meboshand. Balandtarin kuh — Jaya (5029 m) dar jaziraiGvineyai Nav voqe gashtaast. Sarvathoi istikhrojiash: nikel (Kaledoniyai Nav), fosfat (jazirahoi Nauru va Tuamotu), neft (Gvineyai Nav), tillo (Gvineyai Nav, Fiji), angisht (Zelandili Nav), mis (jazirai Bugenvil). Iqlim uqyonusi, doimo sernam, beshtar sutakvatori va ekvatori, dar janub — subtropiki va mutadil. Borishoti solona asosan kamtar az 1000 mm, dar nishebihoi shamolrasi jazirahoi kalon to 10 hazor M1M. Kuhhoi Gvineyai Nav va jazirahoi Janubii Zelandiyai Nav piryakhho (masohatash ziyoda az 1000 km2) dorand. Nabototash az beshahoi sernami tropiki, savannaho va margzorho iborat ast. Baroi faunai Uqyonusiya miqdori kami shirkhuron va farovonii parrandaho khos meboshad. Aholi asosan bo dehqoni va mohigiri mashgul ast. Dar Uqyonusiya davlathoi zerin choygir shudaand: Vanuatu, Samoai Garbi, Kiribati, Nauru, Zelandiyai Nav, Papua-Gvineyai Nav, Jazirahoi Solomon, Tonga, Tuvalu, Fiji. Yak qismi hududi Uqyonusiya mulki Britaniyai Kabir, Fransiya, ShMA, Avstraliya va Zelandiyai Nav meboshad.