Organizmhoi geterotrofi

Organizmhoi geterotrofi, geterotrofho, organizmhoeand, ki baroi gizo payvasthoi tayyori organikiro istifoda mebarand. Ba Organizmhoi geterotrofi tamomi hayvonot va odam, inchunin baze rastaniho (zanburugho, aksari parazitho va gayra) va mikroorganizmho mansuband. Vale ba geterotrofi va avtotrofi judo kardani rastaniho va mikroorganizmho shartist, zero hatto avtotrofhoi tipi — rastanihoi sabzi fotosintezkunanda yak miqdor moddahoi organikiro az khok ba vositai resha megirand.

Baze rastanihoi sabz, agarchi qobiliyati fotosintez kardan dorand, va­le hasharothurand. Chunin rastaniho nitrogenro asosan az moddahoi or­ganiki va karbonro bo rohi foto­sintez megirand. Baze avtotrofho ba moddahoi vitaminmonandi muhit, ki baroi sintezi avtotrofi zarurand, muhtoj meboshand. Soli 1921 olimi rus A. F. Lebedev isbot kard, ki hatto Organizmhoi geterotrofii tipi (baze bakteriyaho, zanburugho va gayra) qobiland S0_a– ro furu barand.

In goyaro soli 1933 olimoni amerikoi G. Vud va Ch. Verkman bo usuli izotopi isbot nakunand. Dar natijai sintezi getorotrofi to 10% karboni organizm zakhira meshavad. Imkoniyati az ta- rafi hujayrahoi pigmenti sabz nadoshta az khud kardani S0₂ baroi fahmishi evolyusiyai fotosintez va khemosintez ahamiyati kalon dorad. Muqarrar karda shudaast, ki boftahoi organizmi hayvonho niz S0₂-ro az khud karda metavonand. Dar asosi in malumotho organizmro na az rui tipi gizoi karboni, balki az rui kharakteri manbai energiyai hayotan zarurashon ba avtotrofi va geterotrofi judo mekunand.

Az in ru, ba Organizmhoi geterotrofi organizmhoero dokhil meku­nand, ki baroyashon payvasthoi murakkabi organiki (karbogidratu, safedaho, ravganho) manbai karbon ast;. fotoavtotrofho organizmhoe ki reaksiyai fotokhimiyaviro ba vujud meorand va ba khemoavtotrofho boshad, organizmhoe, ki baroyashon reaksiyai oksidshavii moddahoi or­ganiki manbai energiya ast, mansuband. Hayvonot va odam, ki moddahoi organikiro baroi barqaror namudani capfi energiya, az nav ba vujud ovardani boftaho va tanzimi funksiyai hayoti sarf menamoyand, Organizmhoi geterotroii tipikiand.

Chunin Organizmhoi geterotrofiro az rui talabot ba in yo on moddahoi organiki va imkoniyati sintez karda tavonistani chunin moddho farq mekunand. Ba qatori moddahoe, ki baroi orga­nizm zarurand, vale Organizmhoi geterotrofiro sintez karda nametavonand, amino­kislotahoi ivaznashavanda, vita­minu va gayra dokhil meshavand. Organizmhoi geterotrofi dar tabiat roli kalon mebozand.