Okrugi avtonomii Evenkho

Okrugi avtonomii Evenkho, Evenkiya, dar hayati kishvari Kras­noyarski RSFSR. 10 dekabri 1930 (to 1977 Okrugi millii Evenk) tashkil shu- daast. Masohat 767,6 hazor kilometr². Aholiash 16 hazor nafar (1979). Ba 3 rayoni mamuri va 1 posyolkai tipi shahr taqsim shudaast. Markazash posyolkai Tura.

Tabiat. Okrugi avtonomii Evenkho dar qismi marka­zii pahnkuhi Sibiri Miyona voqe buda, qismi balandtarini okrug pushtakuhi Putoran (nuqtai balandtarinash kuhi Kamen —1701 metr) meboshad. Qismi ziyodi havzai angishtsangi Tungus dar territoriyai Okrugi avtonomii Evenkho joygir ast; dar rayonhoi Tunguskai Poyon va Tunguskai Zerisang koni madani ohan, metallhoi ranga, gra­fit, shpati islandi, neft, gaz hast.

Iqlimash kontinentii shadid. Zi- mistonash darozi qahratun. Harorati miyonai yanvar dar Vanavara — 26,5° Selsiya, dar Tura — 36,8° Selsiya, dar Essey — 37,2° Selsiya. Tobistonash kutohi garm. Harorati miyonai iyul dar Essey 13,3° Selsiya, dar Tura 15,5° Selsiya, dar Vanava­ra 16,8* Selsiya. Borishoti solona 300— 500 millimetr. Qarib tamomi territoriyai Okrugi avtonomii Evenkho yakhbandii bisyorsola faro giriftaast. Daryohoi asosiash — shokhobi rosti Enisey — Tunguskai Poyon va Tun­guskai Zerisang.

Kulhoi kalontarinash — Essey, Vivi, Agata, Severnoe, Nyakshingda. Khokash asosan kuhiyu jangalii khokistari, dar Shimol— Garb khokash kuhiyu tundravi, dar Janub chimtoliyu khokistari. Qismi ziyodi territoriyai Okrugi avtonomii Evenkho tayga (suzanbarg, koj, sanavbar va gayra) tashkil mekunad; ¹/4 qis­ki territoriyaro besha (64 million gektar) faro giriftaast.

Dar Shimoli Aqso be­shai siraki darakhtoni suzanbarg va tundra joy giriftaast. Olami hayvonotash boy va gunogun. Az hayvonoti muinador samur, sanjob, inchunin khirsi bur, khargush, rosomakha, miri mushon, ruboh, gurg, gavazni shimoli, va gayra; az parranda titav, murgi chinor, kabki shimoli hast. Dar daryovu kulho tosmohi, taymen, sterlyad, sich, chir, kharius, selyad, nalim, shurtan, okun, karas, rya­pushka va gayra bisyorand.

Aholi. Dar Okrugi avtonomii Evenkho asosan rusho, evenkho, yoqutho va digar zindagi mekunand. Zichii miyonai aholi dar 1 kilometr*, 0,02 kas.

 Malumoti tarikhi. Dar ibtidoi hazorai 2 milod dar territoriyai hozirai Okrugi avtonomii Evenkho evenkho sokin shudand. Mashguliyati asosii aholi shikor, gavaznparvari va mohigiri bud. Dar nimai avvali asri 17 territoriyai hozirai Okrugi avtonomii Evenkho ba hayati Rossiya hamroh karda shud, ki on ahamiyati progressisi dosht: rusho evonkhoro bo yaroqi otashfishon shinoso kardand, aholii mahalli ord, choy, namak, qand va gayraro istemol mekardagi shud.

Dar barobari on evenkho dar zeri zulmu asorati sakht monda nobud shuda meraftand. Revolyutsiyai Oktyabr hayoti aholii okrugro ba kulli tagyir dod. Badi az Si­bir ronda shudani qushunhoi Kol­chak (1920) dar Turukhansk Komiteti revolyutsionii Sibir ba vujud omad, ki dar nazdi on oid ba korhoi milli Shubai sibiri tashkil kar­da shud.

Soli 1924 dar nazdi KIM Umumirossiya Komiteti Shimol tasis yoft, ki on ba aholii mahallii okrug yorii kalon rasond. Komi­tet — «Nizomnomai muvaqqati doir ba idorakunii khalqiyathoi mahalli va qabilahoi kishvarhoi durdasti shimolii RSFSR»-ro kor karda baromad, ki dar asosi in nizomnoma organhoi khudidorakunii khalqhoi Shimol: majlishoi qavmi, Soveti qavmi, sezdi rayonii aholii ma­halli va Komiteti ijroiyai aholii mahalli tashkil karda shudand. Dar territoriyai hozirai Okrugi avtonomii Evenkho Sovethoi qavmii Muruktin, Chirindin, Chapogir va gayra tashkil shudand, ki ba Komite­ti ijroiyai payoni Turukhansk tobe budand. Soli 1927 komitethoi ichroiyai rayoni Ilimpiysk va Baykit tashkil shudand.

Dekabri 1930 Okrugi millii Evenk tashkil shud. Barobarhuquqii siyosii evenkho bo digar khalqho muqarrar gardid. Soli 1925 bo qarori KIM SSSR khalqiyathoi Shimol, az on jumla evenkho az andozhoi umumidavlati va mahalli ozod shudand. Dar avvali solhoi 30 kollektivonii khojagihoi shikorii evenkho cap shud, ki dar ondo badtar ustavi artelro qabul namudand.

In iqdom dar kori muqimi gardondani aholii mahalli musoidat kard. Dar kolkhozu sovkhozho ba gayr az mashguliyati ananavi ziroatchigi, chorvodori va guayra vusat meyoft. Solhoi 1930—32 geologho konhoi angishtsang, shpat, masoledi binokori, namak va gayraro kashf kardand, ki dar asosi on istehsoloti sanoati ba vujud omad. Dar davrai Jan­gi Buzurgi Vatani mehnatkashoni okrug dar mudofiai Vatan faolo- na shirkat kardand. Ba ishtirokchii jang evenk Innokentiy Petrovich Uvachan (badi margash) nomi Qahramoni Ittifoqi Soveti doda shud. Okrugi avtonomii Evenkho bo ordeni Bayraqi Surkhi Mehnat (1971) va ordeni Dustii Khalqho (1972) mukofotonida shudaast.

Khojagi. Shikor va parvarishi hayvonoti muinador, gavaznparvari so­hahoi asosii khojagii okrug meboshand. Okrugi avtonomii Evenkho 13% muinaya kishvari Krasnoyarro medihad. Soli 1978 Okrugi avtonomii Evenkho 886 gov, 632 khuk va 38 hazor cap gavazn dosht. Soli 1978 dar okrug 11 sovkhoz, az on jumla 4 sovkhozi gavaznparvari bud. Chorvodori (asosan chorvoi shirdeh), ziroatchigi (kartoshka, sab­zavot) vusat yoftaast. Sanoatn istikhroji madan rivoj dorad. Gra­fit, shpat istikhroj meshavad. Daro­zii rohi obi 2,2 hazor kilometr. Daryohoi Tun­guskai Poyon va Tunguskai Zerisang kishtigardand. Naqliyoti havoi aha­miyati kalon dorad.

Sokhtmoni madani. Soli tahsili 1978—79 dar 30 maktabi malumoti umumi, 3,5 hazor talaba, dar 1 makta­bi miyonai makhsus (omuzishgohi tibbi) 115 talaba mekhond. Soli 1978 dar muassisahoi tomaktabi 1,5 hazor kudak tarbiya yoft; 27 kitobkhonai ommavi dosht. Okrugi avtonomii Evenkho muzei kishvarshinosi, 3 teatr, 26 klub, 28 dastgohi kino namoishdihi, 3 muassisai tomaktabi dorad.

Soli 1979 Okrugi avtonomii Evenkho  73 dukhtur, 294 korkunoni miyonai tibbi va dar bemorkhonaho 385 kat dosht. Dar Okrugi avtonomii Evenkho  gazetai «Sovetskaya Evenkiya» (az soli 1933) nashr meshavad. Barnomahoi radioi umumiittifoq shuna- vonida meshavand. Programmahoi ra­dioi kishvar va mahalli ba zaboni evenki va rusi burda meshavand. Bo sistemai «Orbita» programmahoi televizioni Markazi namoish doda meshavand.

Adabiyot. To Revolyutsiyai Oktyabr evenkho (tungusho) khat nadoshtand. Dar bayni onho tanho janrhoi gunoguni folklor mamul bud. Okhiri solhoi 20 va avvali solhoi 30 evevkhoe, ki dar Instituti khalqhoi Shimol dar Lenin­grad mekhondand, ba ejodi nakhustin asarhoi adbi shuru kardand. A.M. Salatkin (1908—1943) muallifi avvalin majmuai sherho ba zaboni even­ki «Tayga mebozad» (1937) va dosto­ni «Gegdalluken va Ulgzrinkkep» (1935) meboshad. Bad majmuai sherhoi A. N. Platonov (1912—1939), «Surudhoi evenk» (1938), G. Ya. Chin­kov          (1915—1970) «Diyori aziz» (1938) va dostoni «Garpanindya» (1939) ba tab rasid. Ishtirokchii Jangi Buzurgi Vatani N. Sakharov (1915—1945)     muallifi sherhoi bakhshida ba V. I. Lenin, povesti «Suglani Surkh» (1938) va hikoyaho ast.

A. Nomtushkin (tavallud 1938) mualli­fi bisyor ocherk va majmuai sherhoi «Subh dar tayga» (I960) va «Tokman man» (1968) meboshad. Dar matbuoti markazi va mahalli sherhoi shoiron: I. N. Udigir (tavalud 1930), V. D. Lorgaktoev (tavallud 1934), S. N. Piku­nov (tavallud 1922) va digar chop mesha­vand. Bisyor asarhoi navisandagoni rus va soveti ba zaboni evenki tarjuma shudaast. Asarhoi navisandagoni evenk niz ba zaboni khalqhoi SSSR tarjuma shudaand.