Ohanubeton

Ohanubeton, masolekhi binoko­rii suniest, ki az beton va arma- turai pulodi iborat meboshad. Dar konstruksiyahoi az Ohanubeton tayyor kardashuda mustahkamii beton ba fishurish va mustakhkamii armatura ba kashish samaranok istifoda mesha­vad. Istifodai yakjoyai in du masolehi khosiyatashon baso mukhtalif bar inho asos yoftaast: koeffisient i vaseshavii khosiyatashon khattii be­ton va armatura qarib yak khel ast; beton armaturaro az korroziya (zang- zang) va tez garm shudan (to 100° Selsiya) khimoya mekunad; beton hangomi sakht shudan ba armatura mazbut mechaspad. Ohanubeton ba tufayli baqodori, otash- bardori, nisbat ba tasiri omilhoi atmosferi mustahkam va ba tasiroti dinamiki (az on jumla, seys­miki) tobovar budanash dar bino­kori va sokhtmon mamul gashtaast.

Ba sababi on ki moddakhoi purkunandai tarkibi Ohanubeton (shagal, sangreza, peg) dar hama jo mavjudand, Ohanubetonro amalan dar hamai mahalho istifoda burdan mumkin ast. Jikhati nomatlubi Ohanubeton in ast, ki vay mekafad va dar sathi konstruksiya tarqishho paydo meshavand. Sababi in kam budani mustahkamii beton ba kashish (nazar ba fishurish 10—20 marotiba kam) meboshad. Chunin no­rasoii Ohanubetonro dar prosessi tayyor kardani konstruksiya bo rohi suni fishurdani betoni armaturador bartaraf mekunand. In guna Ohanubetonro Ohanubetoni peshaki shiddatdodashuda me­nomand. Zimni chunin chorajui mazbutii konstruksiya ziyod va ehtimoli kafidani on kam meshavad va sarfai pulodu kam kardani arzishi konstruksiyaro imkonpazir mesozad. Ohanubetonro bogboni fransavi J. Mone soli 1867 ikhtiro kardaast.

Dar Osiyoi Miyona ustodoi tojik az qadim ba sifati masolehi chaspon soruj (loi khokistaru ohak)-ro istifoda meburdand. Baroi peshgiri kar­dani nishasti bino yo devor ba loy odatan koh ilova mekardand yo sinj mekashidand. Dar bi nokori asosan Ohanubeton bo betoni vaznin tayyorshuda (zichiash 1800—2500 kilogramm/metr³) va Ohanubetoni bo betoni purkunandahoyash kovok tayyorshuda (zichiash to 1500 kilogramm/metr³) istifoda meshavad. Dar mavridhoi makhsus baroi Ohanubeton betonhoi otashbardor, kislotabardor va gayraro istifoda mebarand.

Dar Tojikiston zavodhoi sanoati binokori (dar Dushanbe, Leninobod va gayra) har sol qarib 1 million metri mukaab Ohanubetoni vaslshavanda istehsol mekunand (soli 1982). Istifodai Ohanubeton dar Tojikiston ba omilhoi tabiii mahal: zilzilanoki, iqlimi garmu khushk, khokhoi sust, rohhoi kuhi va gayra aloqamand meboshad. Dar chunin sharoit istifodai Ohanubetoni sabuk (bo purkunandahoi kovok), yakjoya isti­foda burdani Ohanubetoni vaslshavandavu yaklukht (monoliti), sokhtani konstruksiyahoi fazoii zilzilabardor, tatbiqi usulhoi peshqadami tayyor kardanu nigohubini Ohanubeton (alalkhusus, dar tobiston) saloh ast. Inkishofi minbadai Ohanubeton va vusati istifodai on ba guzarondani tadqiqoti vasei ilmi vobasta ast. Nigared niz Konst­ruksiyahoi, ohanubetoni.

Adabiyot: Berg O. Ya., Fizicheskie osnovi teorii prochnosti betona i jelezobeto­na, Moskva, 1961; Razvitie betona i jelezo­betona v SSSR, pod redaktirovaniem K. V. Mikhay­lova. Moskva, 1969.