MUBORIZAI SINFI

MUBORIZAI SINFI, muborizai sinfhoi ba ham muqobil, ki manfiati onho gunogun va ba ham zid meboshad. Ogozi Muborizai sinfi ba davrai borhamkhurii jamoai ibtidoi, paydoishi molikiyati khususi va istismori sinfi rost meoyad. Muborizai sinfi dar jamiyati sinfiyu antagonisti hamchun shakli zuhuri ziddiyatho, omili asosii halli onho va manbai inkishof amal menamoyad.

Sinfho va Muborizai sinfiro hanuz dar asri 19 tarikhshinoson (F. Gizo, F. Mine, Terri) va iqtisodchiyon (A. Smit, D. Rikardo) oshkor kardaand. Bale tanho K. Marks va F. Engels nazariyai haqiqatan ilmii onro ofarida, ba insoniyat imkoniyat dodand, ki rafti inkishofi tarikh va sababhoi obektivii ivazshavii yak formasiyai jamiyatiyu iqtisodiro ba digare durust fahmad. Diktaturoy proletariatro hamchun aslihai Muborizai sinfi va digargunsozii sosialistii jamiyat etirof namudan mohiyati asosii nazariyai marksistii Muborizai sinfi meboshad. «Kase, ki faqat muborizai sinfhoro etirof mekunad, on kas holo marksist nest… Marksist faqat on kasest, ki muborizai sinfhoro to ba darajai etirof kardani diktaturai proletariat merasonad» (Lenin V. I., As., ch- 2>, sah. 455). Manbai asosii Muborizai sinfi ziddiyati manfiathoi sinfi meboshad. Vobasta ba kharakteri munosibati sinfho ziddiyatho antagonisti va gayriantagonisti meshavand. Ziddiyati antagonisti boisi az bayn raftani sinfhoi hukmroni jamiyati istismori va ivazshavii in sokhti jamiyati ba sokhti digari peshqadam megardad. In qonuniyat ba vositai revolyutsiyai ijtimoi amali gardida, dar khud shaklhoi gunoguni muborizai sinfiro inikos menamoyad (nig. K. Marks va F. Engels, As. mun., ch. 1, Dm 1963, sah. 39—40). Ideologhoi burjuazi az muborizai mehnatkashon ba haros aftoda, Muborizai sinfiro hamchun «moneai» progress, «durshavi» az rafti mutadili inkishofn jamiyat ba qalam medihand.

Tajribai tarikhi nishon medihad, ki Muborizai sinfi na monea, balki quvvai asosii inkishofi tarikhi tamomi jamiyathoi sinfiyu antagonisti meboshad. Ba sinfi mustaqil tabdil yoftani proletariat mazmun va khususiyati muborizai sinfiro ba kulli tagyir dod. Bar khilofi sinfhoi istismorshavandai peshina sinfi korgar hamchun quvvai buzurgi digargunsozandai munosibathoi jamiyati amal mekunad. Muborizai sinfii proletariat asosan se shakl dorad: muborizai iqtisodi, siyosi va ideologi. Maqsadi asosii muborizai iqtisodi: muhofizati huquqhoi demokratii odamon, manfiathoi asosii korgaron, behtar namudani sharoiti mehnat va zistu zindagoni, kutoh kardani ruzi kor, afzudani muzdi mehnat, muboriza ba muqobili niyathoi tajovuzkoronai imperializm. Ahamiyati buzurgi muborizai iqtisodi dar on ast, ki shuuri siyosii proletariatro baland mebardorad va uro ba shakli olii Muborizai sinfi— muborizai siyosi omoda mesozad. Vazifai muborizai siyosi baland bardoshtani faoliyati revolyusionii sinfi korgar, vase namudani huquqhoi korgaron, nest kardani kapitalizm va nihoyat ba dast ovardani hokimiyati siyosi meboshad. Muborizai iqtisodii korgaron ba muqobili burjuaziya tanho ba tufayli muborizai siyosi natijahoi dilkhoh medihad. Muborizai siyosi tanho dar robita bo muborizai ideologii proletariat muvaffaqiyat paydo mekunad. Ideologiyai sosialistiro dar shuuri sinfi korgar bedor namudan, muborizai beshuuronaro ba muborizai boshuurona tabdil dodan, tasiri ideologiyai burjuazi va jarayonhoi gunoguni opportunistiro dar harakati korgari barham dodan va g. vazifahoi muhimi muborizai ideologi meboshand.

Mafhumi Muborizai sinfi dar manoi mahdud vositayu metodhoi on — korpartoi, namoish, muborizai parlamenti, boykoti intikhobot, shurishi yaroqnok va g-ro ifoda menamoyad. Marksizm-leninizm takid mekunad, ki mutlaq gardonidani in yo on shakli Muborizai sinfi khato buda, baroi harakati korgari khavfi kalon dorad. Qudrati Partiyai Kommunisti ham dar on ast, ki vay shaklhoi gunoguni muborizaro vobasta ba sharoiti tarikhi mohirona istifoda mebarad.

Khususiyati muhimtarini muborizai proletariati hozira yagonagii muboriza dar rohi demokratiya va sosializm ast. Sinfi korgar dar rafti in muboriza dar atrofi khud quvvahoi progressivi, qismi ziyodi intelligensiya va khizmatchiyonro muttahid gardonda, baroi galabai revolyutsiyai sosialisti, az zulmi millii ijtimoi va mustamlikavi ozod namudani khalqho imkoniyati ziyode faroham meovarad.

Dar natijai ba vujud omadani sistemai jahonii sosializm, vusati harakati jahonii korgari va milliyu ozodikhohi tanosubi quvvaho ba foidai sosializm tagyir yofta istodaast. Muborizai du sistema ziddiyati asosii zamoni hoziraro tashkil medihad. Dar zeri tasiri on Muborizai sinfii proletariati mamlakathoi kapitalisti va harakati milliyu ozodikhohii khalqho purzur megardad.

Tajribai tarikhi nishon medihad, ki muttahid namudani quvvahoi revolyusioni va amaliyoti yakjoyai onho bar ziddi quvvahoi irtijoi yagona rohi durusti tamin namudani sulhu amoni, istiqloliyati milli, demokratiya va sosializm ast.

Muborizai sinfi dar davrai diktaturahoro proletariat ba khud shaklu usulhoi nav megarad. V. I. Lenin 5 shakli Muborizai sinfii in davrai prolotariatro nishon medihad: barham dodani muqobiliyati sinfhoi istismorkunanda; jangi grajdani; «betaraf gardondani» burjuaziyai mayda, makhsusan dehqonon; «istifodabarii» burjuaziya va mutakhassisoni burjuazi; tarbiyai intizomi nav.

Hamai in shaklhoi Muborizai sinfi baroi tamomi mamlakatho hatmi nestand. Tajribai tarikhii mamlakathoi demokratiyai khalqi nishon dod, ki dar sharoiti dastgirii mamlakathoi sosialisti va sust gardonidani mavqei kapitalizmi baynalkhalqi Jangi grajdaniro peshgiri kardan mumkin ast. Digar shaklhoi Muborizai sinfi vobasta ba sharoiti tarikhii in yo on mamlakat dar namudhoi gunogun zuhur meyobad.

Dar davrai guzarish az kapitalizm ba sosializm mohiyati asosii Muborizai sinfiro masalai «ki-kiro?», yane yo sosializm yo kapitalizm tashkil medihad.

Dar natijai digargunsozii sosialistii munosibathoi jamiyati shakli antagonistii ziddiyatho, zaminai paydoishi mukholifathoi sinfi az bayn rafta, munosibati sinfi korgar, dehqononi kolkhozi va tabaqai intelligensiya ba kulli tagyir yoft. Asosi munosibati baynihamdigarii onhoro dusti, hamkori va yorii mushtarak tashkil doda, dar rafti sokhtmoni kommunizm farqiyati sinfii bayni onho kam shuda, umumiyati yagonai ijtimoi ba amal meoyad. Dar sharoiti sosializm Muborizai sinfi dar du shakl zuhur meebad: muborizai sinfhoi mehnatkash ba muqobili kapitalizmi baynalkhalqi; muboriza ba muqobili psikhologiyai molikiyati khususi: egoizm, nigilizm, millatchigi va shovinizm, ki dar shuur, raftor, urfu odati qismi kami odamoni soveti boqi mondaand:

Ad.: Marks K. va Engels F., Manifesti Partiyai kommunisti. As. mun., n. 1, D.. 1963; Marks K., Muborizai sinfi dar Fransiya az soli 1848 to soli 1850, hamon jo; hamon muall., Jangi grajdani dar Fransiya, hamon jo; Engels F., Nutk dar sari qabri Marks, hamon jo, n. 2, D., 1966; Programmai KPSS, D.. 1970; Materialhoi sezdi XXVI KPSS, D.. 1981.

N. Salimov.