MOHIYaT VA ZUHUR

MOHIYaT VA ZUHUR, kategoriyahoi falsafieand, ki jihathoi gunoguni ashyo, zinahoi marifat, darajai donistani obektro ifoda mekunand. Mohiyat robitahoi muhim, zaruri va insoatai ustuvori voqeiyatro ifoda menamoyad. Zuhur ifodai jihathoi makhsusi ashyo, khususiyathoi guzaranda va mutagayiri on meboshad.

Kategoriyahoi Mohiyat va zuhur khususiyat yo nishonahoi khos va mushtarak dorand. Mohiyat ifodai robitai botini, vale zuhur ifodai robitai berunist. Mohiyati ashyovu padidaro oshkor sokhtan — barobari manidod kardani sababi paydoishi obekt, kashf namudani qonunhoi inkishof va ziddiyathoi makhsusi dokhilii on ast. Azbaski mohiyat nuqtai asosii robitai botinii jihat va tarafhoi obekt ast, binobar in «fikri inson beintiho chuqur shuda, az zuhur ba sui mohiyat meravad, az mohiyati, guftan mumkin, zinai yakum ba sui mohiyati zinai duyum meravad va hokazo bepoyon hamin tavr davom mekunad» (Lenin V. I., As., ch» 38, s. 263). Kategoriyahoi Mohiyat va zuhur hamesha bayni yakdigar robitai mutaqobila dorand: zuhur shakli zohirshavii mohiyat buda, mohiyat dar zuhur oshkor megardad. Ammo yagonagii Mohiyat va zuhur manoi onro nadorad, ki onho ba ham zidiyatgarand, zero «… agar shakli zuhur va mohiyati ashyo bevosita yak mebud, pas hamaguna ilm nolozim meshud» (Marks K. i Engels F., Soch., t. 25, ch. 2, s. 384). Mohiyat va zuhur kharakteri obektivi doshta, inkishof va tagyir meyoband.

Manidodi dialektikiyu materialistii kategoriyahoi Mohiyat va zuhur az manidodi idealistii onho ba kulli farq mekunad. Idealizmi subektivi (D. Yum, Ch. Berkli, E. Makh, R. Avenarius va digaron) na faqat hastii obektivii ashyo, balki kharakteri obektivii mohiyati onhoro niz inkor mekunad. Idealizmi obsktivi mohiyatro hamchun mabdai azalii ideali qalamdod karda, onro mutlaq megardonad. Mas., Aflotun talim doda ast, ki olami ashyo az olami ideyaho tarkib yoftaast. Olami ideyaho mohiyati hamaguna hasti buda, ashyo nuskhai tirai olami ideyaho meboshand. I. Kant obektiviyati mohiyatro etirof kunad ham («chizho dar khud»), onro darknashavanda medonist. Ba aqidai u zuhur tasavvuroti subektivii mohiyat astu bas. G. Gegel tasavvuroti metafizikii Mohiyat va zuhurro bartaraf karda, musallam dosht, ki mohiyat zuhur meyobadu khudi zuhur tajassumi mohiyat ast. Ammo dar dialektikai idealistii Gegel zuhur hamchun ifodai hissiyu konkretii «ideyai mutlaq» tabir meshud. Falsafai burjuazii asri 20 kategoriyahoi Mohiyat va zuhurro ba tavri idealisti sharh dihad: neopozitivizm va fenomenologiya obektiviyati mohiyatro rad karda, tanho zuhurro voqei medonand; ekzistensializm ba joi kategoriyai mohiyat mafhumi vujudro jori menamoyad.

Fahmishi dialektikiyu materialistii Mohiyat va zuhur na faqat bo talimoti idealisti, balki inchunin ba agiostisizm va metafizika niz zid ast. Zero agnostisizm yagonagii Mohiyat va zuhurro rad menamoyad. Metafiziku boshand, na faqat yagonagii Mohiyat va zuhur, balki tagyiryobii onhoro niz inkor mekunand. Onho Mohiyat va zuhurro az ham judo karda, farqi bayni onhoro mutlaq megardonand.

Tagyiri dialektikiyu materpalistii Mohiyat va zuhur dar ilm va amaliya ahamiyati metodologi dorad.

Ad.: Engels F., Anti-Dyuring, D., 1975; Lenin V. I., Materializm va empiriokritisizm. As., ch. 14; Daftarhoi filosofi, As., ch- 38; Asoshoi falsafai marksisti-lenini, D., 1976; Bogdanov Yu. A., Sushnost i yavlenie, Kiev, 1962.

Sh. Sotivoldiev.