KhURMO

KhURMO, nakhl, darakhti khurm o (Dioapyros), yak nav darakhti khazonrez va mevai onro guyand, ki dar nohiyahoi subtropiki va tropi­ki meruyad. Muvofiqi tasnifoti botaniki jinsi darakhtest az oilai obnusiho. Asosan dar Osiyoi Janubi (taqr, 200 namud) mamul ast. Dar SSSR 3 namudi Xurmo meruyad.

Khurmoi kavkazi (D. lotus). Balan­dii darakhtash to 16 m, bargash darozruya, gulash mayda, mevaash mudavvar (diametrash to 2 sm), norinjii zardtob, khurdanbob. Khurmoi khushk besh az 40% qand dorad. Az har bekhash to 80 kg hosil megirand. Ba khunuki  to —25S tob meovarad. Niholi khasakash baroi payvand kardan i Xurmoi sharqi khele muvofiq ast. Dar SSSR (Kavkaz, Osiyoi Miyona) Khurmoi khudruyi kavkaziro meparvarand. Tojikon Khurmoi khudruyro chilvang meguyand. Xurmoi virgini (D. virginiana). Dar SSSR dar mintaqahoi sernam va khushki subtropiki meruyad. Darakhtash khazonrez (to 20—25 m qad mekashad). Mevaash lunda (vaznash to 25 g); zard, khele khushtam (40% qand dorad). Taru toza (badi pukhtan) mekhurand. Az har bekhash to 300 kg hosil megundorand.

Khurmoi sharqi (D. kaki) to 8—12 m  qad mekashad. Mevaash kaloni cergusht, gunogunshakl, zardi norinji yo surkh. Dar SSSR Khurmoi sharqiro asosan dar Gurjiston, inchunin Ozarboyjon, sohili b. Siyoh (kishvari Krasnodar), nohiyahoi janubi Qrim, RSS Uzbekiston, RSS Tojikiston va RSS Turkmaniston meparvarand. Az har ga 180—360 s  hosil megirand. Darakhti kalonash to  100 kg meva medihad. Mevai taru  tozaash badi purra pukhtan 25% qand, 40 mg% vitamini S, ohan, yod va gayra  dorad. Mevaashro baron muolijai bemorihoi meda, kamkhuni va gayra istifoda mebarand. Dar Tojikiston 2 navi Khurmoi sharqi («Khiakumi» va «Zenji-maru») ba sharoiti mahal  mutobiq shudaast. Dar Instituti toku  bogdori va sabzavotkorii Tojikiston yakchand navu duragahoi Khurmoro  ruyonidaand, ki ba khunukii kutohmuddati pasttar az —25* S tob meovarand. Makhsusan navhoi «Sharq», «Guliston», «Hisori» dar nokhiyahoi markazi va janubii respublikaamon  khub meruyand.                                                                                    B. Massover.