KhORAZMIYON

KhORAZMIYON, nomi yak khalqiyati bostonii eroninajodi Osiyoi Miyona ast, ki dar Khorazmi Qadim zista, qarnhoi badina ba tarkibi qavmu qabilahoi digar (az jumla tojikon) dokhil shudaand. Xorazmiyon bori avval dar katibai Besutuni Doroi I yodovar shudaand. Dar asari «Tarikh» -i Gerodot bo nomi khorazmiho (dar qismi sharqii vil. Port) zikr yoftaand. Malumoti khatti va bozyofthoi arkheologi (az qabrhoi mansub ba a. 7 to m. badastomada) shahodat medihand, ki Xorazmiyon ba zaboni khorazmi (yake az shokhahoi zaboni eronii sharqi) gap  zada, az jihati antropologi ba najodi evropoi dokhil moshudaand.

YOdgorihoi khatttii az Tuproqqala, Yakkaparson va Tuqqala yoftshuda nishon medihand, ki alifboi Xorazmiyon oromiasos buda, ba alifboi sugdi va porti nazdik ast. Zaboni  Xorazmiyon ba guruhi zabonhoi eroni-sharqi dokhil shuda, dar bayni zabonhoi sugdiyu osetini (az yak taraf) va porti (az tarafi digar) meistad. A. A. Freyman qayd mekunad, ki «az hazora i 2 to m. cap karda, dar Osiyoi Miyona hamai qabilahoi eroninajod (Xorazmiyon, sugdiyon, sakoiho va bokhtaiho) ba zaboni eronii qadim gap mezadand va lahjahoi onho az hamdigar kam farq doshtand».  Dar zamoni istiloi arab dar bayni Khorazmiyon zaboni dari (tojiki) pahn shu dva zaboni Khorazmiyoni qadimro tadrijan tang karda barovard. Sarchashmahoi khatti nishon medihand, ki Khorazmiyon dar asrhoi 10-11 duzabona budand, yane barobari zaboni dari-tojiki zaboni khorazmii qadimro niz medonistand va bo on asar menavishtand. Asrhoi 13—14 joyi zaboni khorazmiyu tojikiro tadrijan zaboni turki girift. Umumiyati Khorazmiyon bo digar khalqhoi eroninajodi Osiyoi Miyon natanho dar zabon, balki dar urfu odat, dinu oin va madaniyat ravshan mushohida meshavad. Aburayhoni Beruni dar  «Osor-ul-boqiya» menavisad, ki «idhoi khorazmi bo sugdi yakkhela ast». Dini Xorazmiyon ba monandi dini sugdiyon va bokhtarihoyu sakoiho zardushtii khosi Osiyoi Miyona bud. Xorazmiyon khudoyoni asosii Avesto az jumla Ahuromazdoro bo nomi Hurmuzd meparastidand, ki ba in taqvimi khorazmi shahodat medihad. Khorazmiyon ob, otash bod va khokro muqaddas medonistand. Dar Khorazm ibodatgohhoi se otashi muqaddas: Ozari Bahrom, Ozari Mehr va Ozari Faranbag vujud doshtand. Dini zardushtiyai khorazmiyon ba monandi sugdiyon bo butparasti aloqai zich dosht. Zardushtiyai Sosoni tasviri khudoyonro man menamud. Payravoni Zardushtiyai Khorazm ibodatgohhoi ziyodi khudoyonro doshtand, ki dar onho mujassama va tasviri khudoyu iloha-mehr (Mitra), Atar, Anohito, Bahrom, Amshospandon vujud doshtand. Marosimi dafni Khorazmiyon ba marosimi sugdiyon ayniyat dosht. Mayitro dar dakhma guzoshta, badi gushti onro khurdani loshakhuronu sagho ustugonhoyashro ba ustadon andokhta dar novusi oilavi meguzoshtaand. Dar boloi ustadonhoi az Tuqqala yoftshuda rasmi marosimi motam aks shudaast. Ishtirokchiyoni on dar girdi tobut istoda, giryakunon muy kanda, ba sarashon musht mezanand. Aksar maqbarahoi khorazmi mudavvarand. Sanati tasvirii Khorazmiyon mahsuli yak maktabi hunari bud, ki faqat khosi in viloyat ast. Khorazmiyon dar khudi davrai atiqa az tillo, nuqra va birinji zevarotro bo sanati baland mesokhtand. Bisyor zarfhoi az qabrhoi asri birinji ba ibtidoi hazorai 1 to milod ba dastomada dar charkhi kuloli sokhta shuda, bo sanati balandi tasvirii khud farq mekunand. Sanati memorii Khorazmiyon dar asrhoi 5-4 to milod khele ravnaq yoftaast. Dar in davra tolorhoi sersutun paydo shudand. Sutunhoro dar boloi kursihoi sangin chorkunja guzoshtaand. Voshahoi sutunho boshand, ba mujassamahoi hayvonot shabehand. Mujassamahoi khudoyon, olihaho, mayitho, tasviri motam(dar boloi ustadonho) va zarfho az sanati balandi rassomi va haykaltaroshii Khorazmiyon shahodat medihand. Tangahoi yoftshuda guvohi medihand, ki shohoni Khorazm to istiloi Arab eroninajod budand. Rassomi bo sanati balandi tasviri va reali rasmi shohonro dar tangaho, sikka zadand.

Dar ahdi Somoniyon Khorazm ba yake az markazhoi ilmu madaniyati tojik tabdil yofta bud.

Ad.: Beruni A., Pamyatniki minuvshikh pokoleniy. Izb. proizv., t. 1, Tashkent, 1957; Koy-Krilangan-Kala, M., 1967; Gafurov B. G., Tadjiki. Drevneyshaya, drevnyaya i srednevekovaya istoriya, M., 1972; Istoriya Khorezma s drevneyshikh vremen do nashikh dney, Tashkent. 1976. Yu YOqubov.