BORKAShONI

BORKAShONI, hamlu naql, dar huquqi grajdani, navi uhdadorii marbut ba hamlu naqli bor, bagoj va musofirkashoni, ki dar asosi shartnomai dakhldor anjom doda meshavad. Khususiyati sharthoi hamlu naqli bor, bagoj va musofirkashoni tavassuti naqliyoti alohida, inchunin masuliyati tarafho oid ba chunin hamlu naql, agar dar Kodeksi grajdanii Tojikiston, oinnomaho va kodekshoi naqliyot, digar qonunho yo qoidahoi dar asosi onho irsolshuda tartibi digare peshbini nagardida boshad, muvofiqi sozishnomai tarafho muayyan karda meshavad. Khususiyati uhdadorihoi Borkashoni dar on zohir meshavad, ki nizomi naqliyotii Tojikiston az nigohi muomiloti grajdani ba tartib darovarda shuda, onro ba talaboti khidmatrasonii naqliyoti muvofiq mesozad. Ba nizomi millii naqliyoti Borkashonii Tojikiston inho dokhil meshavand: naqliyoti rohi ohan, daryoi, avtomobilgard va havoi. Uhdadorihoi Borkashoni az manbahoi muayyani huquqi bahra megirand. Muqarraroti umumii hamlu naqli bor, bagoj va musofirkashoniro meyorhoi KG muayyan mesozand (bandi 2 moddai 804 Kodeksi grajdanii Jumhurii Tojikiston). Dar barobari in, munosibathoi Borkashoniro Oinnomai naqliyoti dokhilii obii IJShS (15.10. 1955 tasdiq shudaast); Oinnomai naqliyoti rohi ohani Tojikiston (8.10.1998 tasdiq shudaast); Kodeksi bahrnavardii tijoratii IJShS (17.09.1968 tasdiq shudaast); Oinnomai naqliyoti avtomobilii Tojikiston (29.12.1985 tasdiq shudaast); Kodeksi havoii Tojikiston (az jonibi Majlisi Olii Jumhurii Tojikiston 13.11.1998 qabul shudaast) ba tanzim medarorand. Tibqi shartnomai Borkashoni borkashon vazifador ast bori az jonibi borfiristanda ba u bovarkardashudaro ba mahalli tayinot rasonad va onro ba shakhsi baroi giriftani bor vakolatdor (borgiranda) suporad va borfiristanda uhdador meshavad, ki baroi hamlu naqli bor muzdi muayyanshudaro ba borka­shon pardokht namoyad. Bastani shartnomai Borkashoni bo tahiyai bornomai naqliyot, konosament yo digar hujjathoe, ki dar oinnomahoi naqliyot yo kodeksho muqarrar shudaand, tasdiq karda meshavad (moddai 805 Kodeksi grajdanii Jumhurii Tojikis­ton). Shartnomai Borkashoni dutarafa va muzdnok buda, az lahzai az jonibi borfiristanda suporidani bor ba borkashon bastashuda etirof megardad. Az in barmeoyad, ki in shartnoma ba guruhi shartnomahoi voqei dokhil meshavad. Faqat dar naqliyoti bahri shartnomai Borkashoni, ki hamchun shartnomai frakht yo charter malum ast, alomati konsensuali dorad. Shartnomai Borkashoni shartnomai rasmi buda, hama vaqt dar shakli khatti bo rioyai qatii talaboti qonunguzori ba imzo rasonida meshavad. Ilova bar in, shartnomai Borkashoni khislati umumi niz dorad (moddahoi 548 va 809 Kodeksi grajdanii Jumhurii Tojikiston va moddai 15 Qonuni Jumhurii Tojikiston «Dar borai naqliyot») va rioyai sharthoi zerinro taqozo menamoyad: 1) ba sifati borkash boyad tashkiloti makhsusi tijoratie vobasta shavad, ki khidmatrasoniyashro bo naqliyoti istifodai umum anjom medihad; 2) muvofiqi qonunguzorii naqliyoti yo ijozatnoma in tashkilot funksiyai borkashonii jamiyati doshta, uhdador ast, ki zarurati Borkashonii hama guna mizojro qabul kunad va ijro namoyad; 3) in tashkiloti borkashon boyad ba nomgui ashkhose, ki dar on Borkashoni tavassuti naqliyoti istifo­dai umum anjom doda meshavad, dokhil gardida, nomgui chunin borkashon hatman boyad dar rasonahoi umum chop karda shavad. Baroi ijro nakardan yo ijroi nomatlubi uhdadoriho vobasta ba Borkashon dar Kodeksi grajdani, oinnomaho, kodekshoi naqliyoti va inchunin dar sozishnomahoi tarafho javobgariho peshbini shudaast (bandi 1 moddai 813 Kodeksi grajdanii Jumhurii Tojikiston).

Adabiyot: Kodeksi grajdanii Jumhurii Tojikiston. Kismi 1. Dushanbe, 1999. Huquqi grajdani. Qismi 2. Dushanbe, 2007.