YaZDIGURD

YaZDIGURD, nomi chand podshohi sulolai Sosoniyon.

Ya. I (s. tav. nomalum — vaf. 420 /21) badi Bahromi IV (388—99) ba sari takht omadaast (hukmr. 399— 420/21). Ya. I baroi sust namudani nufuzi ashrofi harbi va ruhoniyoni zardushti, ki ba korhoi davlati va masalai ba takht nishondani shohoni sosoni dakholat mekardand, chorahoi qati andeshid. Bo in maqsad u az hunarmandon va savdogaron, ki aksarashon payravi dini nasroni budand, dastgiri mejust. Ya. I nufuzi dinu oini qadimaro khele sust kard, ki in vaziyati nasroniyonro khele behtar kard. S. 410 dar Sedevshi jamomadi nasroniyon guzaronida shud va dar natija mavqei ruhoniyoni nasroni khele mustahkam gardid. Dar siyosati beruna Ya. I bo imperatori Vizantiya sulh basta ba Kustantaniya safironi khudro firistod. Hamai in norozigii ashrofi eroni va ruhoniyoni zardushtiro ba vujud ovard. Ya. I az purzurshavii mavqei nasroniyon va afzudani norozigii ruhoniyoni zardushti tarsida dar solhoi okhiri hukmroniash siyosati khudro tagyir dod.

Ya. II (s. tav. nomalum — vaf. 457, hukmr. 438—457), pisari Bahromi V. Ya. II siyosati padari khudro nisbat ba ashrof va ruhoniyoni zardushti davom doda ba onho guzashtho kard. Korhoi davlatiro ashrofon tahti rohbarii Mehr — Nasra pesh meburdand. S. 442 jangi bebarori Eronro bo Vizantiya qat namud. Ya. II bo maqsadi ba ruhoniyoni zardushti nazdikshudan mukhtoriyati Armanistonro barham doda dar on sarzamin zardushtiro jori kardan khost.

Dar Armaniston andozhoi vaznin jori namuda, ba mansabhoi mamuri namoyandagoni ashrofi eroniro tain kard. U bo maqsadi az mulki khud dur kardani qushuni savorai nakhararho (knyazho)-i armani onhoro 7 sol dar sarhadi shim. sharqii mamlakat nigoh dosht. S. 450 aa nakhararho talab kard, ki zardushtiyaro qabul namoyand. Dar natija dar Armaniston shurishi khalqi cap zad, ki ba on nakhararho va ruhoniyon hamroh shudand. Lashkarkash Vardan Mamikanyan sarvari shurish tain gardid. Ya. II shurishi ozodikhohonai armanihoro pakhsh karda boshad ham (mayi 451), majbur shud mukhtoriyati Armaniston va mamlakathoi digari Zakavkaziyaro nigoh dorad. Ya. II dar solhoi okhiri hukmroniash dar sarhadhoi shim. sharqi (Khuroson va Takhoriston) janghoi vaznin burda, dar on jo qalayu shahrho bunyod namud.

Ya. III. (s. tav. nomalum — vaf. 651, nazdikii Marv), okhirin namoyandai sulolai Sosoniyon (hukmr. 632 —651). Dar zamoni hukmronii u mamlakatro buhroni iqtisodiyu ijtimoi va siyosj faro girift. Muzofotho mustaqil shuda az hayati Sosoniyon baromadan giriftand, ki in ba parokandagii mamlakat sabab shud. Mamlakati sustu parokandai Eron peshi rohi istiloi arabro girifta natavonist, Arabho s. 633 ba Eroni Sosoni hujum karda, dar muhoribahoi nazdi Qodisiya (637) va Nidovand (642) ba qushuni Ya. III. sakht zarba zadand. Dar natija Ya. III ba shim. sharqii Eron aqibnishasta, s. 651 dar nazdikii sh. Marv kushta shud.

Ad.: Gafurov B. G., Tadjiki. Drevneyshaya, drevnyaya ya srednevekovaya istoriya, M., 1972; Istoriya Irana. M.. 1972.

D. Boboev.