Ilm

SOBITAI STEFANU BOLSMAN (ishoratash o), koeffitsienti mutanosibiest dar qonuni Stefanu Bolsman oid ba shuoafkavii jismi iutlaq siyoh:

SOBITA, konstanta, buzurgii doimiest dar tadqiqi matematiki, fiziki va khimiyavi. Buzurgii doimi dar rafti yagon prosess tagyir nameyobad. Sobit budani x-ro ba vositai alomati ramzi in tavr menavisand: kh = sonst. Cobitaro beshtar bo harfhoi S, K va k ishorat mekunand.

SOBITAI BOLSMAN, sobitai fiziki K-ro guyand, ki ba nisbati sobitai gazi K bar adadi Avogadro NA barobar ast:  

SOBITAI GRAVITATSIONI, koeffitsienti mutanosibiest, ki ba formulai qonuni jozibai Nyuton dokhil ast (G ishora meshavad). G adadan ba quvvai jozibai du nuqtai materialie barobar ast, ki har yake yak kilogrammi massa doshta, az masofai 1 m ba ham tasir mekunand. G= (6,6720±0,041)  

SOBITAI PLANK, kvanti tasir, sobitai asosii nazariyai kvant (nigared Mekhanikai kvanti)-ro guyand. In sobitaro soli 1900 M. Plank hangomi muqarrar kardani qonuni taqsimoti energiya dar spektri afkanishoti jismi mutlaq siyoh ba ilm dokhil kardaast. Ishoratash N. Dar asosi effekti Jozefson qimati nisbatan sahehi Sobitai Bolsmanro hosil kardaand.

SMITSONIT (az nomi kimiyogar va mineralogi anglis J. Smitson), mineralest az guruhi karbonathoi tabii. Tarkibi khimiyaviash ZnSO3 (ZnO—64,9%, S02—35,1%). Omekhta- hoyash: Ge, Mn, Sd, So, Mg, Rb. Sistemai kristallbandiash trigopali. Kristallhoyash romboedri va skalenoedri. Odatan dar shakli massahoi donadoru khoka va agregathoi shishamonand yoft meshavad. Rangash safed, zard, khokistarrang, bur …

SOAT, vohidi vaqtest, ki ba 60 daq yo 3600 son barobar ast.

SKORODIT (az yunoni skorodon— sir, sarimsoq; in tavr nomida shudanash vobasto ba buest, ki Skorodit hangomi zarb khurdan mebarorad), mineralest az zersinfi arsenatho. Skoroditi dar tarkibash to 7,1 % A12O3 doshtaro alyumoskorodit, agar az 16% ziyod P2 O5 doshtta boshad, fosfoskorodit menomand. Sistemai kristallbandiash rombi. Kristallhoyash dipiramidayu prizmashakl; beshtar dar …

ABUBAKRI QAROJI Muhammad ibni Husayn (soli tavallud  nomalum, Qaroj – vafot bayni 1019 – 29, Bagdod), riyozidoni fors-tojik. Muallifi riso- lahoi «Kitob-ul-kofi fi-l-hisob» («Kitobi kofi dar hisob»), «Kitob- ul-jabr va-l-muqobala va khuva maruf bi-l-fakhry» («Kitobi aljabr va almuqobala, ki maruf ast ba Al-fakhri»; nomi mukhtasarash «Al- fakhri» buda, taqriban soli …

SLAVYaNShINOSI, slavistika, ilmest, ki tarikh, adabiyot, ejodiyoti dahonii khalq, etnografiya, iqtisodiyot, sanati guzashta va hozira, din,  yodgorihoi madaniyati moddi va manavii slavyanhoro meomuzad. Slavyanshinosi nimai duyumi asri 18 chun fanni asosan filologi baroi omuzishi zabon va adabiyoti khalqhoi slavyan ba vujud omad. Slavyanshinosi chun ilm dar Chekhiya shakl girift. Dar …