Ilm

KhRONOLOGIYa (az yun. chronos — vaqt va logiya), 1) Paydarhamii hodisahoi tarikhi dar zamon; 2) ilmest dar borai chenaki vaqt. Xronologiya astronomi (matematiki) va tekhniki (tarikhi) meshavad. Khronologiyai astronomi  qonuniyathoi gunoguni takrorshavandai padidahoi osmoniro meomuzad va tavassuti muhosiba vaqti aniqi astronomiro muqarrar mekunad. Khronologiyai tarikhi fanni yorirasoni tarikh buda, dar …

KhRIZOBERILL (az yun. chrysos— tillo va berill), mineralest az zersinfi oksidhoi            murakkab. Ve AL 2 O4; ba sifati omekhtaho 3,5—6% Fe 1 Oz to 3% TI O2 va to 0,4 % Cr Oz dorad. Xrizoberill zard, sabz, qahvarang, surkh va bazan shaffofi berang meshavad. Sakhtiash 8,5, zichiash 3,8 g/sm3. Navhoi …

KhRIZOKOLLA (az yun. chrysos — tillo va kolla — elim, shiresh), mineralest az sinfi eylikatho. Rangash osmoni, nilgun, sabz» kabudtob va bazan siyoh, sakhtiash 2—4, zichiash 2—2,3 g/sm3. Xrizokolla minerali mamuli mintaqai oksidshavii konhoi mis buda, ba tarkibi madanhoi mis dokhil meshavad.

KhROM (lot. Chromium) Cr, elementi khimiyavii guruhi VI sistemai davrii D. I. Mendeleev; raqami at. 24., massai at. 51,996; metalli osmonrang. Khromro S. 1797 khimiki fransavi L. N. Voklen az minerali krokoit (R Sg O4) kashf kardaast. Xrom 8,3 10-3-i massai qishri zaminro tashkil medihad. Xrom metalli ustuvor, vaznin va …

KhORIQA (arabai- az odat berun, gayrioddi), guftori gayrioddi va noravshanest, ki durusti yo nodurustii onro muayyan namudan mushkil ast. Xoriqa odatan ba afkori umum, aqoidi mamul va hatto ba aqli solim muvofiqat namekunad. Dar mantiq muhokimaero, ki tavassuti on du khulosai yakdigarro istisnokunanda barmeoyad va isboti har dui onho imkonpazir …

KhOKBOD, shamoli sakhtest, ki millionho tonna changro ba masofai yakchand haz. km intiqol medihad. Odatan dar fasli garmi sol dar biyobonho, nimbiyobonho va chulhoi kushod hangomi az had ziyod khushk shudani khok dar sharoiti kam budan yo tamoman nabudani rastaniho ba vujud meoyad. Dar ShMA, Khitoy, Misr, SSSR (dar Ukrainai …

KhOKISTAR, omekhtai minerale ast, ki badi purra sukhtani suzishvori boqi memonad. Khokistari angishtsang va angishti bur taqr. az 1 to 45%, slaneshoi suzanda az 50 to 80%, torf az 2 to 30%, hezum odatan kamtar az 1%, digar navhoi suzishvorii rastanigi 3—5% va mazut aksar vaqt to 0,15% ast. Dar …

KhOKShINOSI, ilmest, ki tarkib, khosiyat, paydoish, inkishof, pahnshavii geografii khok va istifodai oqilonai onro meomuzad. Ba ilmhoi tabiiyu tarikhi mansub ast. Khokro chun jismi tabii, vositai istehsolot va predmeti mehnat meomuzad (nig. Khok), Faslhoi muhimtarini Xokshinosi: genezisi (paydoishi) khok, geokhimiya, khimiyai fiziki, kolloidi va biologii khok, biologiya, fizika, gidrologiya va …

SUGDIYONIT, mineralest az sinfi silikatho; Tarkibi khimiyaviash: K1, №0,9, Li2. (Li 0,6Fe2+0,2Fe4+0,6Al 0,2Ti 0,2) (Zr 0,3 Ti 0,2) {Si2O5]6. Rangash bunafsh. Sakhtiash 7; zichiash 2,9 g/sm . Yakjoya bo avdialit va tojikit vomekhurad. In mineralro avvalin bor geologi tojikB.  D. Dustmatov az bayni pegmatithoishqorii Pomir yofta, Sugdiyonit nomidaast.

SUHAYL, kanopus, a-sitorai burji Dumi Kishtist. Qadri sitoravii vizualiash 0,75; ravshaniash az ravshanii Oftob 7800 marotiba ziyod masofa az Oftob to sitorai Suhayl 160 ps buda, duyumin sitorai ravshantarini Osmon ast.