Ilm

Pektinho (az yunoni rektos — muttahidshuda, yakgashta), m o d d a h oi    p e k t i n i, polisakharidhoi kalonmolekulae, ki dar tamomi nabototi ruizamini va obsabzho dar shakli halshavanda (pektini halshavanda) va halnashavanda (protopektin) vujud dorand. Beshtar dar meva, bargu poya va bekhmevai nabotot dida meshavand. …

MALAKA, tarzu usulhoi ustuvori mustahkam gardida (avtomati)-i ijroi amal. Malaka dar natijai mashqu takrori ziyod hosil meshavad. Malakaho har qadar mukammaltar shavand, prosessi kor hamon andoza samarabakhsh megardad. Zero shakhse, ki dar ijroi in yo on kor (rondani traktor, az yod kardani sher, navishtani maqola va g.) Malaka paydo kardaast, …

Pasterellaho (ba sharafi L. Paster nomida shudaand), yak jinsi bakteriyahoi illatangezro guyand, ki barangezandai amrozi si­royatii odam va hayvonot meboshand, masalan. pasterellyoz; anaerobho (ba­roi sabzishi onho oksigen lozim nest), chubchashaklu beharakatand. Harorati optimalii sabzishi Pasterellaho 37°S ast. Pasterelle pestis barangezandan touni odam va baze khoyandaho meboshad.

Parsek (az ikhtisori kalimahoi parallaks — ikhtilofi manzar va sekunda—soniya), vohidi astrono­mii masofa. Parsek masofaest, ki az on nimdiametri madori Zamin tadti kunji 1″ namoyon ast yo masofaest to sitora, ki parallaksi on ba 1″ ba­robar meboshad. Ishoratadp ps yo pk. 1 ps = 3.260 soli rushnoy = 3,0857X KhYu,v …

«Paydoishi oila, molikiyati khususi va davlat» asari Fridrikh Engels buda, bori avval ba nemisi soli 1884 ba tab rasidaast. Dar in acap jamiyati insoni az khudi zinahoi avvali inkishofash cap karda az mavqei dialektikiyu materialisti takhlil shuda, prosessi zavoli sokhti – avlodi va dar zaminai molikiyati khususm paydo shudanb munosibathoi …

Paysa, 1) tangai hindii asri 18 va 19; 2) puli maydai fuluzii Hinduston va Pokiston. To guzashtan ba sisgtemai puli dahi Paysa ba ‘/64 rupiya, badi guzashtan (dar Hinduston soli 1957, Pokiston 1961) ba 1/ioo rupiya barobar bud.

Payvasthoi mudokhil, pay­vasthoi khimiyavie, ki dar natijai ba kovokii panjarai kristalli yo molekulai yagon modda daromadani molekulai moddai digar hosil mesha­vand; molekulahoi qabulshavavda boyad konfigurasiyae doshta boshand, ki ba shakli „kovoki muvofik, oyad. Molekulahoi dokhilgashtaro dar Payvasthoi mudokhil quvvahoi bayni molekulavi nigoh medorand. Payvasthoi mudokhil  moddahoi noustuvor buda, dar mahlulho …

Padej, kategoriyai grammatikii khissahoi nomii nutq (ism, sifat, jonishin, shumora) dar zabonhoi hinduevropoi, turki, finu ugori, somi, kavkazi va gayra. Dar zabonhon imruzai eroni Padej dar zabonhoi pomiri, pushtu, osetini mavjud ast. Shaklhoi kategoriyai mazkur munosibathoi gunoguni bayni azoi mustaqil va gayrimustaqili iboraro ifoda karda, ba vositai affiksho va fleksiyai …

Pay, yak qismi mushak, boftai zichest, ki ba vositai on mushakho ba ustukhonho payvast shuda, harakati onhoro tamin mskunand. Yak nu­gi torhoi Pay bo torhoi mushak va nugi digarash bo pardai rui ustukhon payvast ast. Pay shaklhoi gunogun dorad. Payi mushakhoi daroz ustukhonashakl va Payi mushakhoi pahn lavhashakl meboshand. Baze …

Oyat (ar. — alomati ilodi, mujiza) yak faqrai surai Quron, iboraest, ki mazmuni muayyanro ifoda mekunad. Oyat guyo vahii khudo ba ra­suli khud Muhammadi Mustafo yo yak nav dasturulamale budaast ba bandagonash. Dar nuskhahoi avvalin (asrhoi 7—8) Kalomi majid ba Oyathoe taqsmm meshavad, ki zimni dar yak sura bo tarkibi …