Ilm

Petrokhimiya, yak fasli petrografiyaro guyand, ki tarzi taqsimshavii elementhoi khimiyaviro dar tarkibi Jinshoi kuhii magmavi va mineral­hoi jinsofarin meomuzad. Mafhumi «Petrokhimiya»-ro soli 1944 olimi soveti A. P. Zavaritskiy dar ilm jori kardaast. Petrokhimiya hamchun sohai mustaqil dar zaminai ilmhoi petrografiya va khi­miya ba vujud omadaast. Mavzui tadqiqi Petrokhimiya tarkibi khimiyavii …

Perfuziya (az lot. regfusio — rekhtan, jori namudan), usuli ba raghoi khunguzari uzv, qismi badan yo tamomi organizm firistodani mahlulhoi fiziologi, khun va gayra. Az Peru dar fiziologiyai amali istifoda mebarand. Vay baroi faoliyati uzvhoro muddati muayyan nigoh doshtan, funksiyai onhoro omukhta, tasiri gormonho, fermentho, mediatorho va doruvorro ba organizm …

Perikardit (az peri… va kardio —dil), gazaki khaltachai dil (perikard). Perikarditi odam du khel mesha­vad: siroyati va gayrisiroyati. Perikarditi siroyatiro kokkho, virusho, mikobakteriyahoi sil vagayra. meangezand. Perikarditi siroyati vobasta ba namudi angezanda tarbodi, sifilisi, fasodi va gayra meshavad. Perikarditi gayrisiroya­ti Perikardite meboshad, ki hangomi ure­miya, infarkti miokard, jarrohii dil va …

Perimetr (yun. rerimetron — davra, az rerimetrio — atrofro chen mekunam), darozii konturi sarbast. In istilohro beshtar baroi ifodai hosili jami darozii hamai tarafhoi sekunja va bisyorkunja istifoda mebarand.

Periekho, perioykho (yun. rerioikoi, aynan — sokinoni atrof), aholii kamhuquqi baze polishoi Yunoni Qadim (dar Sparta, Argos, Elida, Fessaliya). Dar Sparta Periekho avlodi aholii tagjoi, ki onro doriyho mute namuda, ba kanori Lako­nika tang karda barovardaand. Periekho az plotho bo on farq mekardand, ki shakhsan ozod buda, metavonistand zamini khudro …

Peroksidi gidrogen, N2O2, payvasti oksigenii gidrogen, ki guruhi atomhoi—O—O—dorad. Soddatarin va muhimtarin namoyandai peroksidho. Moei berangu buy; t gud.— 0, 43°S, t jush. 150°S, zichiash 1470 kg/m3 (0°S). Bo ob omekhta shuda kris­tallogidrat N2O2 • 2N2O hosil mekunad. Vobasta ba sharoit Peroksidi gidrogen ham oksidkunanda (I) va ham barqarorkunanda (II) …

Peroksidho p a y v a s t h o i peroksidi, payvasthoe, ki atomhoi oksigeni bevosita ba hamdigar payvastshuda dorand. Peroksid du khel meshavand: organiki va gayriorganiki. Peroksidi organi ki dar tarkibashon guruhi—O—O -dorand, ki bo yak yo du atomi karbon payvast shudaand, masalan, Periksidi alkili yo arili (R—O— …

Periastr (az peri… va yun. astron — sitora), nuqtai ba sitora nazdiktarini madori sitorai digar, ki girdi sitorai yakum harakat mekunad. Dar mavridi nochiz budani ta­siri digar jismhoi osmoni in hara­kat az rui qonuhoi Kepler muayyan meshavad. Mavqei Periastr dar fazo bo ta­siri jalayone tagyir meyobad, ki ba tufayli jozibai …

Penisillinho antibiotikhoero guyand, ki penisillho ba vujud meorand. Soli 1929 mikrobiologi anlis A. Fleming kashf kardaast. Penisillin chun doru baroi muolijai pnevmoniya (gazaki shush), siroyathoi fasodnok va gayra istifoda meshavand. Penisillinro bo tavri suni niz hosil mekunand.

Pedologiya (az yun. ra1^08 — ba­cha va … logiya), ilmest oid ba bachaho, aslan — majmui aqidahoi nomurattabi anatomiyai psikhologi, bi­ologi va sotsiologiest dar bobati inkishofi bachaho. Pedologiya okhiri asri 19 va avvali asri 20 ba vujud omadaast. Dar SSSR shabakai muassisahoi pedologi vusat yoft, konferensiya (1927) va sezdi pedologho …