Ilm

MEKhANIKAI ZAMIN, ilmest, ki holati shiddatnoki va deformasionii zamin, sharthoi mustahkamii on, fishorovari ba devori binovu inshoot, ustuvorii qabathoi zamin va gayraro meomuzad. Dar Mekhanikai zamin ba sokht va holati fizikii zamin vobasta budani khosiyathoi mekhaniki tadqiq karda meshavad. Tavsiyahoi Mekhanikai zamin dar loihakashii tahkursi va asosi binovu inshoot, sokhtmoni …

MEKhANIKAI KVANTI (mekhanikai mavji), nazariyaest, ki tariqi tavsif va qonuniyathoi harakati mikrozarrahoro dar maydoni berunai fiziki muqarrar mekunad; yake az faslhoi nazariyai kvantist. Mahz Mekhanikai kvanti bud, ki zimni tavsif dodani sokhti atom no sirishti fizikii spektrhoi onhoro muqarrar kardaast, tabiati bandi khimiyaviro oshkor sokhtaast, sistemai davrii Mendelsevro tafsifu tavzeh …

MEKhANIKAI MUHITI YaKLUKhT, yak fasli mekhanika buda, harakat va holati muvozinati gaz, moe va jismhoi sakhti deformasiyashavandaro meomuzad. M. m. ya. az qismhoi zorii iborat ast: gidroaeromekhanika, dinamikai gaz, nazariyai elastiki, nazariyai plastiki va g. Dar M. m. ya. sokhti molekulavi yo atomii modda ba nazar girifta nameshavad. Dar on …

MEKhANIKAI OSMONI, yak qismi astronomiya buda, harakati jirmhoi kayhoni, az jumla, jirmhoi sistemai Oftobro dar asosi qonuni jozibai jahoni meomuzad. Qismi asosii Mekhanikai osmoni muosirro astrodinamika tashkil medihad, ki on harakati jismhoi masnui kayhoniro meomuzad. Istilohi Mekhanikai osmoniro avvalin marotiba ba ilm P. Laplas (1796) dokhil kardaast. Masalahoe, ki ba …

MEKhANIKAI RELYaTIVISTI, yak fasli fizikai nazariyavi buda, qonunhoi klassikii harakati jismho (zarraho)-i suratashon (i) ba surati nur nazdikro meomuzad. Mekhanikai relyativisti ba nazariyai nisbiyat asos yoftaast. Muodilahoi asosii Mekhanikai relyativisti— shakli relyativistii qonuni duyumi Nyuton va shakli relyativistii qonuni baqoi energiyaimpuls ba prinsipi nisbiyati Eynshteyn tobeand. Az jumla, az qonunhoi …

MEKhANISIZM, metodi yaktarafai marifati olam, ki tamomi hodisahoi tabiiyu jamiyatiro az harakati mekhaniki manidod kardani meshavad. Imtidodi mantiqii in aqida mohiyatan ba inkori gunogunshaklii hodisoti tabiat va jamiyat ovarda merasonad. Mekhanisizm asrhoi 17—18, vaqte ki mekhanika yagona ilmi mutaraqqi bud, dar afkori ilmiyu materialisti maqomu nufuzi kalon paydo kard. Namoyandagoni …

METROLOGIYaI TARIKhI, fanni yorirasoni tarikhist, ki vohidi darozi, masohat, hajm va vaznro dar mamlakathoi alohida, inchunin vohidi pulro dar inkishofi tarikhii on meomuzad. Metrologiyai tarikhi munosibati bayni vohidho va tanosubi onho dar vohidi zamoni hozira, inchunin paydoishi nomi onhoro muayyan mekunad. Metrologiyai tarikhi baroi omuzishi tarikhi iqtisodiyot va huquqi madaniyati …

MEKhANIKA [az yun. mechanike (techne) — ilm dar bobi moshinho, hujari sokhtani moshinho), ilmest dar borai harakati, mekhanikii jismhoi materiali va tasirhoi mutaqobile, ki dar in mavrid bayni jismhoi mazkur ba amal meoyand. Harakati mekhaniki gufta dar fazo bo mururi zamon nisbat ba hamdigar tagyir yoftani vaziyati jismho yo zarrahoi …

MEKhANIKAI BINOKORI, ilmest dar borai prinsip va metodhoi hisobu kitobi mustahkami, sakhti, ustuvori va lappishhoi inshoot. Mekhanikai binokori asosan sistemahoi milashakli hamvor, sistemahoi fazoi, inchunin sistemahoero meomuzad, ki az plastikayu jildho iboratand. Dar vaqti khisobu kitobi inshoot tasiroti gunogune ba nazar girifta meshavad, ki asositarini onho borhoi statikiyu dinamiki va …

METODOLOGIYa (az metod va lovil), nazariyai gnoseologiyu mantiqiest dar bobi prinsipho va metodhoi tadqiqu tekhniki ilmi, ba manii vasetar — talimotest dar borai aslu usulhoi hamaguna faoliyati odami — chi nazari va chi amali (digargunsozii voqeiyat). Falsafa az qadimulyyom injonib (hej naboshad, az zamoni tashakkuli Upanishadhoi hinduvon) aslu sirishti donishi …