SUBSTANTIVASIYa

SUBSTANTIVASIYa (az lotini substantivum — ism), ba ism guzashtani digar hissahoi nutq. Dar zaboni tojiki beshtar sifat va sifati feli bo in roh ba ism guzashtaand: Bo badon bad boshu bo nekon naku (Sadi). Az pavishtahoi u foidae nest (Ayni). Ba tamai manfiati nomalum foidai nakdro az dast dodan kori khiradmandon nest (Ayni). Dar rastaho oyandagon va ravandagon ham kam budand (Ayni). Shumora, fel va digar hissahoi nutq ham bo rohi Sustantivatsiya  ba ism meguzarand:     daromadi kolkhoz, baromadi rais, yakero sad magu, sadro yake guy. Sustantivatsiya se khel meshavad: purra — kalima az digar hissai nutq purra ba ism guzashta, tanho hamchun ism ifoda meshavad (beqasab, shohi, rishta, parranda), popurra — kalima az digar hissai nutq purra ba ism naguzashta, asosan hamchun ism ifoda shavad ham, goho ba vazifai asosii khud meoyad (gado kambagal, ronanda, namoyanda); matni — kalimai mansubi digar hissai nutq tanho dar matn, dar jarayoni nutq hamchun ism istifoda meshavad (liboshoi sohibjamol, nozhoi abrukamon, ravandai tanhogard, gashti asp). Kalimahon bo usuli Sustantivatsiya ba ism guzashta, kategoriyahoi grammatikii onro qabul karda, misli ism ba vazifai hamai azohoi jumla meoyand: Baze soddalavhon yo riyokoron akhfsonai boloiro ham bo in kushishi khud sabab nishon medihand (Ayni). Javone az khiradmande mepursad (Ayni).

Adabiyot: Rustamov Sh. Ism, Dushanbe, 1980.

Sh. Rustamov.