STRATIGRAFIYa

STRATIGRAFIYa (az lotini stratum qabat va …grafiya), yak fasli geolologiyai tarikhist, ki paydarhamii paydoishi jinshoi kuhi va avvalii robitahoi mutaqobilai fazoii onhoro meomuzad. Baroi muqarrar namudani sinni tahnishasthoi omukhtashuda tarkibi boqimondahoi organizmho, ki az tabaqahoi tahshini yoft shuda, az inkishofi notakrori olami organikii zamin darak medihand, ahamiyati kalon dorand. Az hamin sabab Stratigrafiya bo paleontologiya va geokhronologiya aloqamand ast. Stratigrafiya payvasta ba tashakkuli ilmi geologiya paydo shudaast.

Dar asrhoi miyona goyahoi stratigrafiro Beruni va Abualii Sino bayon kardaand. Dar asri 17 olimi daniyagi N. Steno, ki qonuni paydarhamii qabati jinshoi kuhi mavsum ba ust, baze masalahoi tashakkuli Stratigrafiyai ilmiro tadqiq kard. Vale asosi Stratigrafiyaro dar asri 18 olimi nemis I. Leman, G. Fyuksel va olimi rus M. V. Lomonosov guzoshtand. Dar bobati tartib dodan va ikhtiroi shkalai umumii stratigrafi hissai geologhoi rus va soveti A. P. Karpinokiy, N. I. Andrusov, A. P. Pavlov, D. V. Nalivkin, A. N. Krishtofovich, V. V. Menner, olgemoni fransavi E. Og, M. Jinto, nemis Y. Valter, O. Shindevolf, avstriyagi M. Neymayr, amerikoi Ch. Uolkott, Ch. Shukhert na K. Danbar kalon ast. Dar miyonahoi asri 20- makhsusan marhilahoi qadimtarini inkishofi Zamin bosurat omukhta shudand.

Qonuni pay dar ham khobidani qabatho prinsipi asosii Stratigrafiya ast. Muvofiqi on dar surati durust khobidani qabatho har yak qabati poyoni nisbat ba boloi qadimtar hisob meyobad. Istisnoi in qonunro dar on mavridho didan mumkin ast, ki dar natijai deformasiyahoi tektovikl tarzi khobishi avvalai qabatho vayron va onho chappagardon shudaand.

Vazifai asosii Stratigrafiyai imruza muayyan kardani paydarhamii umumii tahnishasthoi qishri Zamin meboshad. In vazifa makhsusan baroi tahnishasthoi qadimtarini tokembriy muhim ast.

Stratigrafiya asosi tadqiqoti regionaliyu geologi buda, baroi fahmidani khususiyathoi tektonikii mahal, muayyan kardani samthoi justuju va inkishofi sarvathoi tabiat imkon medihad; in makhsusan ba konhoi qabatdor (neft, angisht, madani ohan va mangan, fosforit, boksit, namaksang va namaki kaliy, varaqsanghoi siyohi urandor va gayra) taalluq dorad, «ki onho ba sathi muaiyani stratigrafi mansuband. Burishi stratigrafiro mufassal naomukhta, tartib dodani kharitahoi geologi va guzaronidani har guna korhoi injeneriyu geologi mumkin nest.

Nigared niz Geokhronologiya.