SLAVYaNShINOSI

SLAVYaNShINOSI, slavistika, ilmest, ki tarikh, adabiyot, ejodiyoti dahonii khalq, etnografiya, iqtisodiyot, sanati guzashta va hozira, din,  yodgorihoi madaniyati moddi va manavii slavyanhoro meomuzad. Slavyanshinosi nimai duyumi asri 18 chun fanni asosan filologi baroi omuzishi zabon va adabiyoti khalqhoi slavyan ba vujud omad. Slavyanshinosi chun ilm dar Chekhiya shakl girift. Dar Rossiya ba on M. V. Lomonosov asos guzosht. Dar nimai avvali asri 19 dar universitethoi mamlakathoi slavyani va gayrislavyani avvalin kafedrahoi Slavyanshinosi tasis yoftand. Chunin kafedraho dar Rossiya solhoi 30 asri 19 dar universitethoi Moskva, Peterburg, Qazon va Kharkov tashkil karda shudand.

  Dar miyonai asri 19, badi on ki K. Marks va F. Engels nazariyai fahmishi materialistii tarikhro kashf kardand, Slavyanshinosi asoshoi mustahkami metodologiyai ilmi paydo namud. V. I. Lenin nazariyai marksisti va metosologiyai tadqiqoti tarikhro inkishof dod, ki on zaminai asosii tashakkuli Slavyanshinosii marksisti gardid.

  Slavyanshinosii soveti. Dar natijai az tarafi muarrikhoni soveti omukhta shudani siyosati berunii mutlaqiyati Rossiya, tarikhi harakati revolyutsioni korgari dar Rossiya va digar mamlakathoi slavyani baroi dar SSSR tashkil kardani tadqiqoti domanadori Slavyanshinosi zaminahoi ilmiyu metodologi va manbashinosi faroham omadand.

  Dar arafa va davrai Jangi duyumi jahoni (1939—45) dar inkishofi minbadai Slavyanshinosi digargunii kulli ba amal omad. Dar Instituti tarikhi AF SSSR, universitethoi davlatii Moskva va Leningrad baroi tayyor namudani muarrikhon va filologhoi slavyanshinos markazhoi Slavyanshinosi tashkil karda shudand.

  Solhoi 1946—47 muassisai markazii kompleksii Slavyanshinosi tasis yoft (az soli 1968 Instituti slavyanshinosi va balkanshinosii AF SSSR); dar universitethoi Leningrad, Kiev, Lvov, Minsk, Voronej, Kharkov, Saratov, AF RSS Ukraina kafedrayu guruhho ba vujud omadand. Soli 1956 Komiteti sovetii slavyanshinoson tasis yoft, bo olimoni RKhB, RKhP, RSChS, RSFYu va g gayra robitai mustahkami ilmi muqarrar karda shud. Joi asosiro dar Slavyanshinosi masalahoi roli khalqhoi slavyan dar prosessi tarikhii Evropa va chahon dar hamai davraho, munosibathoi bayyanihamdigarii khalqhoi slavyan, etnogenezi slavyanho, aloqai onho bo digar khalqhoi Evropai Markazi va Sharqi, Balkan va gayra ishgol mekunand. Slavyanshinosi dar mamlakathoi khorijii slavyani. Dar Slavyanshinosii mamlakathoi slavyanii hamsoya tadqiqi tarikhi SSSR — Rossiya, inchunin Ukraina, Belorussiya joi namoyonro ishgol mekunad. Dar RKhP munosibathoi Rossiyayu Polsha va aloqahoi revolyutsionii onho, dar RSChS munosibathoi Chekhoslovakiyayu Ittifoqi Soveti, az jumla ishtiroki internatsionalistoni chekhu polyak dar Revolyutsiyai Kabiri Sotsialistii Oktyabr (1917) va gayra tadqiq karda meshavand. Akademiyahoi yak qator mamlakathoi slavyani, az jumla AF SSSR, ba tartib dodani «Atlasi lingvistii umumislavyani» mashguland.