SARMOBARDORII RASTANI

SARMOBARDORII RASTANI, az sarmon kutoh yo darozmuddat talaf nashuda ba khunuki tob ovardani rastaniro guyand. Dar rastanihoi zimistonguzaron sarmobardori har sol dar natijai tayyorii darozmuddat va murakkabi onho ba zimiston inkishof meyobad (nigared. Obutobi rastani). Dar davrai garmi sol, vaqte ki rastaniho mesabzand, qobiliyati sarmobardorii onho kam va dar davrai sarmoi zimiston ziyod meshavad. Dar vaqti garmo Sarmobardorii rastani khele past, vale bad, agar khunuki tadrijan shiddat yobad, az nav baland meshavad.

Yakbora pastu baland shudani harorat khavfnok ast, chunki rastani fursat nameyobad takroran obutob yobad. Dar hujayraho ba vujud omadani prosesshoi fizikiyu khimiyavi (avvalan, dushvorshavii yakhbandii obi dokhili hujayra, soniyan, baland shudani tobovarii hujayraho ba beobshavii protoplastho va tagyiri mekhanikii yakhi berun’az hujayrai onho) ba Sarmobardorii rastani sabab meshavad. In khosiyati hujayraho dar jarayoni bo harorati past dar yakchand davra (az davrai oromi sar karda) obutobi rastani inkishof meyobad. Agar dar yagon davra dar hujayrahoi rastani prosessi zaruri naguzad on vaqt rastaniho ba qadri darkori sarmobardor nameshavand va mumkin ast nobud shavand.
Sarmobardorii rastani, pesh az hama, az rui khususiyati irsi muayyan meshavad. Baze rastaniho dar havoi nachandon khunuk nobud meshavand (masalan, darakhti limu dar harorati az —5 to —1242), qis- mi digarashon dar zimistoni qahratun (masalan, baze darakhtoni seb ba sarmoi to —•40°Selsiya tob meorand) ham zinda memonand, darakhti jalguza, gubayro va gayra dar Sibiri Sharqi dar harorati —70°Selsiya zinda monda metavonand. Hatto navhoi gunoguni yak namudi rastani ham ba andozai yakkhela sarmobardor nestand. Masalan., baze navhoi gandumi tiramohi dar harorati —15°Selsiya, digarashon dar —22°Selsiya nobud meshavand. Binobar in yake az usulhoi nisbatan samarabakhshi baland bardoshtani Sarmobardorii rastani ruyondani navhoi sarmobardor va ba sharoiti mahalho durust mutobiq kardani onho meboshad. Ba Sarmobardorii rastani inchunin sharoiti khoku iqlim va usulhoi agrotekhnikie, ki rastaniro bo sharoiti musoidi obu gizo, aerasiya tamin mekunand, tasir merasonand. Sar- mobardorii rastanihoi kishta dar sharoiti tabii (dar sahro yo bog) ba darajai obutobi peshakii onho vobasta ast. Masalan, gandumi tiramohi dar harorati az —15°Selsiya past az khunuki nobud meshavad; badi dar laboratoriya obutob dodan ba khunukii to —30°Selsiya tob ovarda metavonad. Niholi yaksolai zardolu badi obutobi la- boratori dar harorati —60°Selsiya faqat andake zarar mebinad, sebi «Antonovka» boshad, badi chunin sarmo khurdan ham gul karda metavonad. Qalamchai siyohqot badi obutobi laboratori ba sarmoi sakhttarin duchor shavad ham, resha girifta, inkishof, yofta metavonad. Ba Sarmobardorii rastanihoi sahro az rui miqdori rastanihoe, ki dar vohidi muayyani zamin zimiston guzaronidaand, baho doda meshavad. Dar laboratoriya boshad, Sarmobardorii rastaniro bo yorii yakhdonho muayyan mekunand.
Adabiyot: Tumanov I. I., O fiziologicheskom mekhanizme morozostoykosti rasteniy, «Fiziologiya rasteniy», 1967, tom 14, vek 3.