METEORITHO

METEORITHO, jismhoi ohanii sangie, ki az fazoi baynisayyoravi ba Zamin meaftand; boqimondahoi moddai meteorieand, ki dar atmosfera purra sukhta nobud nashudaast. Meteoritho ba se sinf: ohani, ohaksangi va sangi taqsim meshavand. Nishonahoi asosii Meteoritho chuninand: shaklan dagar-buguri tegahoyash hamvorshuda; karakhshi gudozishi, ki Meteorithoro chun pardai tunuk pushonidaast, inchunin chuqurchahoi khossae, ki regmaglint nom dorand (rasmhoi 1 va 2).

Dar natijai tasiri mutaqobili bayni Meteoritho va atmosfera hangomi harakati onho dar atmosfera (porashavi va ablyasiya) M. bazan shakli nisbatan muntazam (qonusi muntazam yo kristalli bisyorruya)-ro megirand (rasm i 3).

Ba Meteoritho nomi mahalhoi aholinishin yo obekthoi geografie, ki ba joi aftishi onho nazdikand, doda meshavad. Andozai Meteoritho az yakchand mm to

yakchand m, massaashon muvofiqan az mg to dahho t meshavad. Meteorithoi kalontarini ba Zamin aftida inhoand: Meteorithoi sangin Goba (s. 1920 dar

jan. garbii Afrika yoft shudaast), ki massaash taqr. 60 t va M.-i Ohanii Keyp-York (s. 1818 dar Grenlandiya yoft shudaast), ki massaash 34 t meboshad. Hamagi taqr. 35 Meteorithoi massai har kadomashon ziyoda az 1 t malumand. Selavor aftidani Meteoritho boroni meteorit nom dorad va har yak boroni meteorit chun yak meteorit qabul karda meshavad. 12 fevr. 1947 dar kishv. Primorili Ittifoqi Soveti boroni meteoritii Ohanin Sikhote-Alin (nig. Meteoriti Sikhote-Alin) boridaast, ki massai yakjoya taqriban 70 t meboshad. Har sol ba rui Zamin ziyoda az hazor meteorit meaftad. Ammo bisyorii onho ba bahru uqyonusho va makhalhoi kamaholi meaftand, binobarii nomalum memonand. Hangomi aftidani Meteoritho dar sathi Zamin tanuraho paydo meshavand (NIG. Tanurai meteorit), ki andoza va shakli onho ba surati aftishi Meteoritho vobasta ast.

Meteoritho taqriban 40 marotiba ba boloi binoho aftidand, ammo binoho chandon zarar nadidaand. Meteoritho namunai jismhoi sakhti gayrizamini buda, baroi tadqiqi bevosita dastras meboshand va az paydoish va inkishofi badinai sistemai Oftob malumoti gunogun medihand. Tarkib va harakati Meteoritho bo metodhoi gunogun (mas., optiki, radnolokasioni va g.) omukhta meshavand. Astronomili meteori yake az faslhoi muhimi astronomiya meboshad. Nig. niz Myoteorho,

Ad.: Krinov E. L., Osnovi meteoritiki, m., 1965; Meyson V., Meteoriti, per. s angl., M., 1965.