KhOKShINOSI

KhOKShINOSI, ilmest, ki tarkib, khosiyat, paydoish, inkishof, pahnshavii geografii khok va istifodai oqilonai onro meomuzad. Ba ilmhoi tabiiyu tarikhi mansub ast. Khokro chun jismi tabii, vositai istehsolot va predmeti mehnat meomuzad (nig. Khok), Faslhoi muhimtarini Xokshinosi: genezisi (paydoishi) khok, geokhimiya, khimiyai fiziki, kolloidi va biologii khok, biologiya, fizika, gidrologiya va geografiyai khok.

Xokshinosi hamchun ilm dar Tojikiston solhoi Hokimiyati Soveti inkishof yoft. Hukumati respublika 2 noyabri 1929 oid ba tadqiqi khok dar muhlati panj sol qaror qabul kard. Ba halli in vazifa kollektivi khokshinoson va botanikhoi Inistituti khokshinosii Universiteti davlatii Osiyoi Miyoia (SAGU)-ro bo rohbarii A. I. Rozanov, M. V. Kultiasov va N. A. Dimo jalb kardand. Asosan zaminhoi obii vodihoi Hisor, Vakhsh, Kofarnihon, vil. Leninobod, inchunin vodihoi Beshkent, Kulobu Farkhor, YOvon va Dangararo tadqiq, namudand. Natijahoi tadqiqoti solhoi 1929—33-ro jambast namuda, s. 4935 M. A. Pankov monografiyai «Khoki Tojikiston»-ro (rusi) nashr kard. Dar asari mazkur bori avval masalahoi tasnif, mintaqaho, inchunin baze khosiyathoi khimiyaviyu fizikii khoki respublika bayon shudand.

S. 1936 dar Qurgonteppa Stansiyai khokshinosi-meliorativii Vakhsh tasis yoft. Kormandoni stansiya bo rohbarii akademiki AF RSS Tojikiston I. N. Antipov-Karataev dar tuli solhoi ziyod khoki vodii Vakhshro tadqiq namudand. S. 1946 A. N. Rozanov bo suporshii stansiya kharitai khoki Tojikistonro tartib dod va «Zakhirai zamini Tojikiston» (rusi) nom asare chop kard. Kormandoni stansiya az s. 1947 to 1950 khoki vodihoi Tojikistoni janubiro tadqiq namudand, ki in ahamiyati kaloni ilmiyu amali dosht. O. A. Grabovskaya va P. A. Kerzum dinamikai jarayoni khokhosilshaviro dar mintaqai khoki khokistarrang omukhtand. Dertar chunin tadqiqot dar khoki kuh va balandkuhi Tojikiston guzaronida shudand. Khoki Pomirro V. N. Ulanov (s. 1949 kit. «Sharoiti khoki Pomir va rohhoi inkishofi ziroat»- ro nashr kardaast; ,rusi) tadqiq namud.

Dar natijai tasisi Inistituti khokshinosi, melioratsiya va irrigatsiyai Akademiyai Fanhoi RSS Tojikston (1951) tadqiqi khok khele inkishof yoft. Bo rohbarii akademik I. N. Antipov-Karataev, O. A. Grabovskaya, P. A. Kerzum tasnifi navi khoki Tojikistonro tartib dodand, dar hududi respublika tadqiqoti geografi burdand va obshui khokro omukhtand. Dar zaminai on kharitai khok va kharitai naqshavii obshui khoki RSS Tojikistonro tahiya dodand. Solhoi 1958—71 ekspeditsiyai kharitakashii Inistituti loihakashii «Tojikgiprozem» 578 haz. ga zamini obi, 2213 haz. ga zaminhoi lalmi va charogohi respublikaro tahqiq kard. Solhoi 1953—63 guruhi khokshinosoni Inistitutti loihakashii «Tojikgiprovodkhoz» qarib 350 haz. ga zamini lalmii dar oyanda obyoribobro omukhtand; holo qismi ziyodi in zaminho koram shudaast. Makhsusan, Instituti khokshinosii VKhQ RSS Tojikiston tadqiqoti meliorativiyu agrokhimiyavi, biologiyu mikrobiologi, fizikiyu mekhaniki, mineralogi, meliorativii zaminhoi obi va lalmii respublikaro vusat dod. Akademik A. N. Makhsumov dar asosi tadqiqoti bisyorsola usulhoi agrotekhnikii korkardi khokro omukht, ki on ba serhosilii ziroati lalmi musoidat kard. Dar inkishofn Khokshinosii respublika sahmi kormandoni kafedrai agrokhimiya va khokshinosii Inistituti khojagii khalqi Tojikiston va Inistituti tadqiqoti ilmii ziroati Tojikiston kalon ast. Natijai tadqiqoti bisyorsolai khokshinosoni respublika dar 20 jildi «Asarhoi Inistituti tadqiqoti ilmii khokshinosoni Tojikiston» (rusi), maqola va risolavu monografiyahoi sershumor jambast shudaast.

Adabiyot: Glinka K. D.., Pochvovedenie, M., 1927: Dokuchaev V. V., soch., t. 1-9. M.-L., 1949-61; Sibirsev N. M., Izb. soch., t. 1-2, M., 1951—53; Kovda V. A., Osnovi ucheniya o pochvakh, kn. 1—2, M., 1973.   M. R. Yakutilov.