Mazhab

MAZHAB (arabi- roh, ravish), shuba yo shokhai fiqhi sunnii musulmoni meboshad. Dar adabiyoti dinii asrhoi miyona roje ba mazhab, firqa va hatto jarayonhoi islomi fikri sobitu mamule vujud nadorad. Muarrikhoni din chi qabl az Muhammadi Shahristoni va chi bad az u mazhab va firqahoi islomiro ba ham omekhtaand va goh mazhabro firqa va firqaro mazhab nomidaand. Bino ba malumoti mutamadi asarhoi dar bobi tarikhi din talif shuda (az qabili «Alkhisam»-i Ibni Hazm, «Farq bayn-ul-firaq»-i Abdulqodiri Bagdodi, «Attabsir fid-din»-i Abulmuzaffari Isfaroini) dar bayni musulmononi sunni bo chahor mazhab — hanifiya, molikiya, shofeiya va hambaliya mamul budaast.

Asosguzoroni mazhabho Abuhanifa (700—767), Molik Ibni Anos (715—795), Shofei (767—820) va Ibni Handal (780—855) meboshand. Baze makhazhoi ba tahqiqi tarikhi din bakhshidashuda raviyai sunniro mazhabi «ahli sunna va jamoa» nomidaand. Mafhumi mazhab dar raviyai «Shia» istifoda nameshavad.  Nig. niz Islom. 3. Bobokhonova.