Tekhnika

REFRAKTOR, dar astronomiya, teleskopero nomand, ki dar on tasviri jirmhoi munir (Oftob, sitoraho va gayra) tavassuti inkisori shuohoi rushnoi dar obektivi linzavi hosil meshavad (nigared, naqsha). Bori avval G. Galiley (1609) istifoda burdaast. Baroi hosil kardani tasviroti khushsifat dar Refraktor shishahoi makhsusro istifoda mebarand va miqdori linzahoro ziyod mekunand. Kalontarin …

KhASKAShAK, moshinest baroi jam ovardan va band bastani alafi daravshuda. Dar SSSR beshtar khaskashaki vasebari GP-14, ki khasbedai qitai pahnoiyash 14 m-ro megundorad, mamul ast.

FUNIKULYOR (az lotini funiculus— tanob, kanab), inshooti naqliyotiero guyand, ki tavassuti simtanob baroi barovardanu farovardani boru odamon dar kutalho (to 30°) tain shudaast. Dar shahrhoi kurorti, korkhonahoi sanoaty va mahalhoi kuhi beshtar istifoda meshavad. Dar SSSR dar shahrhoi Odessa, Kiev, Tbilisi, Dushanbe, Sochi va gayra mavjud ast.

FOTOREZISTOR (az foto… va anglisi gesistor — muqovimat), asbobi nimnoqilest, ki az tasiri rushnoi noqiliyati elektrii khudro tagyir medihad. Darajai in tagyirot ba zichii seli rushnoi va basomadi lappishi on vobasta ast. Dar asbobhoi tajdidi sado va gayra istifoda meshavad.

FOTOELEMENT, asbobi fotoelektriest, ki dar natijai ba sathi on yo fotokatodi nimnoqiliash zadani rushnoi fotoQEH yo fotojarayon hosil mekunad. Elektrovakuumi va nimnoqili meshavad. Fotoelementro beshtar dar asbobi nazorati andozagiri istifoda mebarand.

FOTOAPPARAT (apparati fotografi, dastgohi aksbardori), asbobi optikiyu mekhanikiest baroi dar fotonavor yo fotolavha sabt kardani tasviri yagon chiz. Fotoapparathoi zamonavi asosan az qismhoi zerin iboratand (nigared rasm): kamerai rushnoinoguzar (hamchun korpusi asos va joi kassetahoi fotonavor tain shudaast); obektiv (baroi ofaridani tasviri optikii obekt); zatvor (baroi tamin kardani muhlati ekspononi …

FILTR (fransuzi filtre), jihoz, asbob yo inshootest, ki dar on sistemai gayriyakjinsa (doroi fazai sakht, moe, gazi) tavassuti devorahoi filtroni ba masolehi yakjinsa judo myoshavad.  Istilohi «Filt»-ro dar radiotekhnika va elektrotekhyaika niz istifoda mebarand.

FILTRi elektriki (radio), jihozest baroi judo kardani lappishhoi elektrikii gunogunbasomad. Lappishhoi basomadashon ba hududi guzaronandagii Filtri nomuvofiq, khomush (sust) meshavand. Filtrhoi balandbasomad, pastbasomad, qitagi, mankunanda mavjudand.

TUKhMIPOShAK, seyalka, moshinest, baroi kishti ziroati khojagii qishloq va rastanihoi khuroki chorvo. Tukhmiposhakro baroi kishti tukhmi buttavu darakhtoni jangal (niholparvari), inchunin nuriposhi ba kor mebarand. Tukhmiposhak az rui tarzi kisht qatori (rasmi 1), chorkunjai toqatoqa, rasta-rasta, yakkhatta (rasmi 2), poshdihanda va gayra meshavad. Tukhmiposhakhoro ba guruhhoi makhsus va mushtarak taqsim …

TURBINAI BUGI, turbinaest, ki energiyai haroratii bugi obro ba kori mekhaniki tabdil medihad. Turbinai bugi sobit (masalan, dar elektrostansiyahoi harorati) va mutaharrik (dar kishtiho) meshavand. Turbinahon bugii yakkorpusa va bisyorkorpusa (odatan az 4 korpus ziyod nest), yaknavarda (navardhoi hamai korpusho yak mehvar dorand) va du, senavardai ba tavri muvozi joygirshuda …