Ilm

SAFAR (arabi — tihi, kholi), mohi duyumi solshumorii qamarii hijri, ki az 30 ruz iborat ast. Dar in moh arabho khonahoi khudro kholi guzoshta, ba jang meraftand, az in jost, ki in moh Safar nom giriftaast. Muvofiqi aqidahoi dini Safar bekhosiyattarin moh ba shumor rafta, mutaqidoni dinu oin dar zarfi …

SATH (dar matematika), yake az mafhumoti asosii geometriya ast, ki dar faslhoi mukhtalifi on manohoi gunogun dorad: 1) mafhumhoi hamvori, bisiyorruya, inchunin baze sathhoi kajro dar geometriyai maktabi meomuzand. Har yak Sathi kaj bo usuli makhsus, beshtar chun joi geometrni nuqtahoe, ki yagon shartro qone megardonand, tarif doda meshavad. Masalan, …

SAROS, davrest, ki badi guzashtani on az rui hamon yak paydarpaii muayyan Oftob va Moh takroran megirand. Dar natijai dar kurai osmon davri takron shudani mavqei mutaqobili Oftob, Moh va girehhogi Madori Moh ba amal meoyad. Saros taqriban ba 6585 1/3 shaboruz barobar ast. Nigared, niz Girift.

SARMAShQ (s a r kh a t, husni khat, mufradot, majmui harfhoi alohida, tarkibhoi harfii gunogun, kalimayu jumlahoi bo khati jali navishtan namunavist, ki az rui on shogirdon baroi khushnavisi mashq mekunand. Sarmashq odatan ba shakli kitobcha chop meshavad. Pesh az Revolyutsiyai Kabiri Sotsialisti Oktyabr chandin Sarmashqi tojiki chop shuda …

SARVI navi khatest, ki dar asrhoi 16—19 dar Khurosonu Movaro- unnahr pahn gashta, beshtar dar gulpartoi va naqshbandii qolinho is- tifoda meshud. Khati Sarvi inchunin baroi navishtani maktubhoi makhfi, ki az yakchand kalima iborat budand, istifoda meshud. Azbaski shakli on ba shokhahoi darakhti suzanbarg (sarv) shabeh ast, in navi khat …

SARATON (arabi, kharchang; lotini Sapseg, rusi Rak), burji chorum az burjhoi duvozdahgona. Ravshanoii munirtarin sitoraash ba 3,5 qadri sitoravii zohiri barobar ast. Dar burji Saraton tarokumi mansurai sitorahoi M 44 voqe gardidaast. Du hazor sol qabl az in inqilobi zimistonai Oftob dar hamin burj ba amal meomad. Az in jost, …

SAPFIR, yoquti kabud. Nigared, YOqut.

SANATI QANDAHOR, maktabi mashhuri badeii zamoni Kushoniyon (a-srhoi 1—3 milod), ki barobari «sanati sulolavi»-i Kushoniyon vujud dosht. Nomi in sanat az nomi viloyati Qandahor (poyonobi daryoi Kobul va yak qismi vodii daryoi Hind) barmeoyad. Yak guruh muhaqqiqon Sanati Qandahorro ba sanatn yunoniyu buddoi, guruhi digar ba rimiyu buddoi nisbat medihand. …

SANJ ( rusish Lira), burjest dar Nimkurai shimolii osmon. Sitorai munirtarinash Nasri Voqe (qadri sitoraviash 0,0) mebo- shad. Ay khoki Ittifoqi Respublikahoi Sovetii Sotsialisti Soyuz Sovetskikh Sosialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR makhsusan fasli bahor, tobiston va tiramoh nagz namudor ast. Nigared, niz Osmon.

SANJIHO, seli meteoriest, ki radiantash dar burji Sanj voqe ast. 20 yo 21 aprel mushohida meshavad. Bori avval soli 687 to milod dar Khitoy mushohida shudaast. 20 apreli 1803, 21 apreli 1922 va 21 apreli 1958 afzoishi kutohmuddati miqdori Sanjiho mushohida shud.