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Maldiv

MALDIV –  Respublikai Maldiv, davlat dar galajazirai Maldivi uqyonusi Hind, ki janubu garbtar az nimjazirai Hinduston voqe gashtaast. Davlatest khelo az jihati turizm va tabiati zebo mashhur dar jahoni imruza.  Masohatash taqriban 300 km². Aholiash 380 hazor nafar (2017s.). Poytakhtash shahri Male. Maldiv az noyabri 1968 respublika ast. Sardori davlat — prezident ast, ki onro aholi ba muhlati 5 sol intikhob mekunad. Organi olii qonunbaror — Majlis (parlamenti yakpalatagi). Konstitusiyaash az avgusti 1972 jorist. Dini rasmiash islom. Partiyahoi siyosi va ittifoqhoi kasaba nadorad.

Maldiv

Galajazirai Maldiv (ziyoda az 2 hazor jazira) jazirahoi marjoni buda, sathashon past va bo du silsilai paralleli ba masofai 880 km. tul kashidaand. Iqlimash — ekvatori, mussoni. Hapopatash az 24° S to 30° S. Miqdori borishot ziyod (dar yak sol qarib 2500 mm) boshad ham, obi nushoki namerasad, chunki manbai ob nadorad va obi chohhoyash shur ast. Dar 216 jazira odamon doimi zindagi mekunand. Sokinonash — maldiviho Zichii miyonai aholi dar 1 km. 1135 nafar Zaboni rasmi — maldivi.

shsh. Male (Poytakhti Maldiv)
sh. Male (Poytakhti Maldiv)

Ocherki tarikhi. Tarikhi qadimai galajazirahoi Maldiv purra omukhta nashudaast. Takhmin mekunand, ki avlodoni qadimi maldiviho az oriyoni Hinduston (singalho, hinduyon, malayho) budaand. Dar in jo dar asri 14 davlati podshohi (sulolai Dudho, ki to soli 1968 hukmroni kardaand) tashkil yoft. Soli 1558 galajazirahoi Maldivro portugaliho zabt namudand. Vale dere naguzashta (1573) aholii mahalli onhoro az khoki khud berun kard. Maldiv dar asri 17 tobei hokimoni Gollandii Seylon shud. Soli 1796 zeri tasarrufi Britaniyai Kabir daromad. Soli 1887 Britaniyai Kabir Maldivro ba protektorati khud tabdil dod. Aholii Maldiv badi Jangi duyumi Jahoni bar ziddi hukmronii chandinsolai anglisho ba muboriza barkhost. Dar natijai inkishofi harakati ozodikhohi anglisho ba guftushunid rozi shudand. Muvofiqi sozishnomai tarafayn (2 iyuli 1965) Maldiv komilan mustaqil shud. Vale galajazirahoi Gan (atolli Adu)-ro anglisho ba maqsadhoi harbi nigoh doshtand. Maldiv az soli 1965 azoi TDM ast.

Maldiv dar Kharita

Khojagi. Aholii Maldiv asosan mashguli mohigirist. Inchunin solhoi okhir sayohat va turizm khelo khub tarraqi  yoftaast. Mardumi jahon va khususan boyho injoro beshtar hamchun sayyoh omada istirohat menamoyand. Dar Maldiv sole 25—30 hazor tonn mohi megirand. Ziyoda az 97% arzishi eksporti Maldiv mohi (asosan mohii khushkonida) meboshad. Maldiviho az bahr sangpusht shikor namuda, marvorid, gushmohi, marjon niz megirand. Khojagii qishloqi Maldiv sust tarakqi kardaast. Asosan norjil, papayya, mango, yams, banan, arzan va g. parvarish mekunand. Dar Maldiv chand korkhonai khurdi kosibi (ustokhonahoi khurdi kishtisozi baroi mohigiri, ustukhonahoi ohangari, korkardi norjil, turbofi, konservi meva, ordi mohi, masnuoti marjoni) mavjud ast. Naqliyoti Maldiv az kishtiyu zavraqhoi bodbondor iborat ast. Bandari asosii tijoratii Maldiv shahri Male ast. Maldiv ba khorija mohi, mahsuloti kopra va norjil barovarda, az on jo birinj, qand, ord, mato va g. megirad. Muhimtarin vositai daromadi Maldiv az turizm va savdoi markahoi pochta ast. Vohidi pul — rufiyai maldivi.

Ad.: Kassis V. B., Maldivi — arkhipelag bez tayn, M., 1063.

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