Viloyati TABARISTON

TABARISTON, yake az viloyathoi tarikhii Eron ast. Istilohi Tabariston az nomi tapur (khalqiyatn gayrieronie, ki dar ahdi qadim dar nazdikihoi sohili janubii bahri Kaspiy mezist) barmeoyad. Forsho onro Tapuriston, bad bo tasiri zaboni arabi Tabariston nomidand. Tabaristondar okhiri davrai hukmronii Ashkoniyon viloyati alohidae shuda, dar zamoni Sosoniyoi niz hamchun viloyati alohida boqi mond. Shohoni sosoni ba in viloyat namoyandagoni khudro hokim tain mekardand, ki onhoro sipahbud menomidand. Mansabi sipahbudi yakumri buda, az nasl ba nasl meguzasht. Sipahbudho az aholi khiroj jam karda, ba markaz mefiristodand.

Tabariston nohiyahoi bayni muzofothop Ray, Kumish, bahri Kaspiy, Daylam va Gelonro dar bar megirift.
Az miyonahoi asri 7 sar karda Tabaristonmarotibae chand ba hujumi arabho duchor shud. Vale dushvorihoi tabii (jangalhoi anbuh, botloqho, rohhoi mushkilguzari kuhi) va yakdiliyu dalerii mardumiTabariston boisi solhoi ziyod in sarzaminro istilo karda natavonistani arabho gardid. Khalifai Umaviyon Muoviya (hukmroni 661— 680) bo sardorii Masqala ibni Hubayra ba Tabariston lashkari bisthazora firistod. Tabariston asri 8 ba tasarrufi arabho aftod. Dar asri 9 ba hayati davlati Tohiriyon dokhil shud. Soli 900 Tabariston tobei Samoniyon gardid. Dar soli 914 aholii Tabariston bo sardorii imomi shia Hasan ibni Alii Utrush ba muqobili Somoniyon shurish bardosht. Ba in shurish mardumi Daylam va Gelon, ki az siyosati Somoniyon norozi budand, hamroh shudand. Dar natija Hasan golib omada, mustaqiliyat ba dast ovard. Soli 927 dar Tabaristonhokimiyat ba dasti Mardavich ibni Ziyor guzasht. Badi kushta shudani Mardavich barodaron Ali, Hasan va Ahmad, ki dar lashkari Mardavich khizmat makardand, dar Tabariston ba sulolai Buvayhiyon (Oli Buya) asos guzoshtand. Soli 945 Ahmad poytakhti khilofat shahri Bagdodro zabt namud. Dar asri 11 Tabariston va Gurgonro Saljuqiyon zabt kardand.
Dar baze nohiyahoi dastnorasi Tabariston yake az sulolahoi qadimtarini mahalli — Poduspaniyon, ki hanuz az davrai Sosoniyon dar on joyho hukmroni mekardand, tavonistand hokimiyati khudro to asri 16 (to zamoni Safaviyoi dar Eron) nigoh dorand. Shoh Abbosi 1 Safavi ba sulolai Poduspaniyon khotima guzoshta, Tabaristonro ki az asri 13 Mozandaron nom girifta bud ba Eron hamroh kard.
Bino ba malumbti muarrikhonu jugrofidonhoi arabizabon dar Tabaristoni asrhoi 9—10 shahrhoi Omul, Soriya, Notil, Sholus, Kalor, Ruyon, Mila, Burji, Ayvalhuamm, Momatir, Tamisa, Bud, Hari va gayra vujud doshtand. Markaai Tabariston to istiloi arab shahri Soriya bud. Volihoi arab Omulro poytakhti khud qaror dodand, vale sipahbudho dar Soriya mondand. Omul ba yake az markazhoi kaloni hunarmandi va madaniyat tabdil yoft. Dar ahdi Tohiriyon Soriya markazi Tabariston qaror girift.
Dar Tabariston kirmakdori va shohibofi nihoyat taraqqi karda bud. Az Tabariston ba kishvarhoi hamsoya matohoi abreshimi, ruymolhoi pakhtagi va pashmi meburdand. Dar asoi 9—10 dar Tabariston ilmu madaniyat khele inkishof yoft. Namoyandagoni in sarzamin dar sarchashmaho bo nisbahoi Tabari vaOmulimashhur gardid. G. Goibov.