Viloyati Panjob

Panjob viloyati tarikhiest dar Osiyoi Janubi, dar hududi Hinduston va Pokiston. Qismi shimoli hamvorii Hindu Gangro ishgol mekunad. Dar qismi garbip Panjob biyoboni Tkhal voqe gashtaast. Daryohoi Satlaj,  Chelam, Chinob, Ravi va Bias bo daryoi Panjnad daromekhta, zaminhoi korami Panjobro obshor mekunand. Aksar joyhoi balandash 150—350 m. Iqlimash khushk, havo tagyiryobanda (yanvari —13 —16°, may qarib 35°S).

Borishoti solona dar Gari to 150 mm, dar Sharq to 700 mm. Har sol obkhezi shuda, daryoho tez-tez majroi khudro tagyir medihand. Qarib 70—90% territoriyaii P.anjob az khud karda shudaast. Kanalhoi bisyor dorad. Shahrhoi kalonash: Lohur (Pokiston) va Amrit­sar (Hindustop). Dar hazorai 3 — nimai yakumi hazorai 2 to melod Panjob ba yake az mintaqahoi tamadduni qadimi dunyo (ba nom Kharappa va Hind) dokhil bud. Az nimai duyumi hazorai 2 to melod ba Panjob qabilahoi oriyoni rafta, bo aholii, mahalli daromekhtand va dar natija khalqiyatu qabilahoi hinduoriyoni tashakkul yoftand. Dar okhiri asri 6 to melod qismi ziyodi Panjob ba davlati Hakhomanishiyon hamroh shud.

Iskandari Maqduni solhoi 327—325 to melod mulkhoro to daryoi Bais zabt namud va badi vafoti u Panjob ba impe­riyai Hindi Jadim — Mavriya hamroh shud. Az okhiri asri 2 to melod to miyonai asri 6 Panjob ba hayati davlathoi Kushoniyon, Guptho, Haytoliyon dokhil bud. Badi parokanda gardidani davlati Haytoliyon (567) dar Panjob chand davla­ti khurd paydo shud, ki onhoro khonimoni mahalli idora mekardand. Panjob az asri 7 maydoni muhoribai voloyoni khalifahoi Umavi va az nimai duyu­mi asri 10 amironi Gazna gardid. Dar avvali asri 11 Panjob yak qismi davlati Gaznaviyon shud va hokimoni on poytakhti khudro ba shahri Lohur kuchondand.

Az okhiri asri 12 Panjob ba hayati davlati Guriyon, sultonii Dehli, davlati Temuriyoyan Hind hamroh shud. Dar solhoi hukmronii tojdoroni musulmon dar Panjob dini islom pahn gardid. Badi tanazzuli davlati Temuriyoni Hind Panjobro Nodirshohi Afshor zabt kard va shohoni Durroni onro ba mulki khud hamroh namudand. Dar natijai harakati sikkhho solhoi 60 asri 18 chand davlati khurdi ozodi onho ba vujud omad. Ranjit Singkh (hukmr. 1799—1839) dar avvali asri 19 tamomi zaminhoi qismi garbii daryoi Satlachro ba yak davlati mustaqili Panjob muttahid kard.

Dar natijai jangi bayni anglishoyu sikkhho (1845—1846 va 1848—1849) onro shirkati Ost-Indiya zabt namuda, ba muzofoti Painjob va 43 mulki khurd tajsim kard. Avgusti 1947 hangomi tashkilyobii dominioni Ittifoqi Hind va Pokiston Panjob muvofiqi dinu oini aholiash dar bayni du davlat taqsim shud (nohiyahoi aksari aholiash musulmon ba Pokiston, sikkhho va hinduho ba Hinduston guzashtand).