Viloyati Oryol

Oryol, viloyatest dar hayati Respublikai Sovetii Federativii Sotsialistii Rossiya. 27 sentyabr 1937 tashkll shuda­ast. Masohatash 24,7 hazor kilometr². Aholiash- 892 hazor nafar (1979). Viloyat ba 19 rayoni mamuri taqsim shuda, 7 shahr, 13 posyolkai tipi shahr dorad. Markazash shahri Oryol.

Tabiat. Viloyat dar qismi markazii balandii Miyonai Rus (balandiash ba hisobi miyona 220—250 metr) voqe ast. Sathi territoriyai  Orel hamvorii nisbatan baland va serteppa buda: onro vodihoi daryoho, soy va jariho burida meguzarand. Iqlimash kontinentii mutadil. Harorati miyonai yanvar az —9° Selsiya dar nohiyahoi shimoli garbi to 19,5° Selsiya dar nohiyahoi janubi sharqi.

Borishoti solona 570— 580- millimeto dar Garb va 450—500 millimetr. dar Janubi Sharq Davrai nashv —185 shaboruz. Taqriban 60% territoriyai Oryol ba havzai daryoi Oka mansub ast. Daryoi Oka az Janub cap shuda ba masofai 211 kilometr territoriyai viloyatro burida meguzarad. Shokhobhoyash: Zusha, Optukha, Ribnisa, Nugr, Nepolod, Orlik, Son, Krona. Dar Janubi IIIarq 31% territoriyai Oryol ba havzai daryoi Sosna mansub ast, ki on berun az hududi viloyat ba daryoi Don merezad.

Dar Janubi  Garb 9% territoriyai Oryolro havzahoi daryohoi Navlya va Nerussa (shokhobhoi Desna) tashkil medihand. Territoriyai Oryol dar zo­nai beshadasht voqe ast. Taqriban 36% zamini on khoki muqarrari va siyohkhoki beishqor buda, 31% on khokistarii tirai jangali va siyohkhoki khokistari, 6%’ chimtoli khokistari va khokistarii kushodi jangalist. Khoki rayonhoi garbii Oryol gunogun, khoki nohiyahoi Sharq va Janubi Sharq boshad yakkhelai hosilkhez ast. Taqriban 8% masohati viloyatro besha pushonidaast. Qismi ziyodi besha az darakhtoni tus, bulut, zayzafun, suzanbarg va gayra iborat meboshad.

Daryobod va margzorho dorad. Az hayvonot gurg, rubokh, savsor, khazi siyoh, shagora, sagoby, shohgavazp, khongul, guroz, zargush, gavazn, az parranda titav, chilmurg, ezorsurkhak, kabk va gayra hastand.

Aholi. Asosan rushoand. Zichli aholi dar 1 kilometr² 36,3 nafar. Shahrho; Oryol, Livni, Msensk va gayra.

Khojagi. Viloyat to Revolyutsiyai Kabiri Sotsialistii Oktyabr az jihati iqtisodi yake az gushahoi qafomondai Rossiya va aso­san gallakor bud. Oryol dar solhoi Hokimiyatp Soveti ba viloyati sanoatiyu agrari tabdil yoft. Oryol soli 1973 nazar ba 1940 15 marotiba beshtar mahsuloti sanoati barovard.

Sohai asosii sanoat moshinsozist. Tajhizoti tekhnologi baroi sanoati bofandagi, charmu poyafzol, shisha, khurokvori, inchunin avtogreyderho, moshinhoi obposhi, avtopogruzchik, nasoshoi markazgurez, tajhizot ba­roi istehsoli nakhi suni, qismhoi avtomobil, traktor va gayra istehsol karda meshavad.

Sanoati asbobsozi niz taraqqi kardaast (asbobho ba­roi avtomatho, moshinhoi hisob, soat, qismhoi radio va gayra); sanoati metallurgiya (khulahoi ranga, simi pulodin va gayra), khimiya (plastmassaho, masnuoti rezinotekhniki), sabuk (poyafzol, saru libos) pesh raftaast. Sanoati khurokvori ham mavqei kalon dorad. Sohahoi muhimi on: zavodhoi qand (Otrada, Kolini, Zalegosh, Livni), kombinathoi gusht (Oryol, Msensk, Verkhove, Zmiyovka), korkhonahoi istehsoli spirtu araq, ravganu panir, ohor.

Xojagii qishloq asosan bo gallakoriyu chorvodori mashgul ast. Viloyat 107 sovkho­zu 302 kolkhoz dosht. Dar in jo aso­san javi bahori, gandumi bahori, javdor, suli, katon, inchunin arzanu lubiyo, marjumak, juvorimakka (ba­roi silos), alafhoi yaksola va gayra kisht mekunand. Dar rayonhoi gar­bi beshtar kartoshka, alaf, dar rayonhoi janubi sharqi galladona va lablabui qand mekorand. Az chorvo beshtar govhoi shiru gushteh meparvarand. Dar viloyat asphoi zoti niz meparvarand. Tuli rohi ohan 491 kilometr. Tuli rohhoi avtomobilgard 9,7 hazor kilometr. Muhimtarin rohi avtomobilgardi viloyat magistrali Moskva—Sim­feropol ast. Yak qismi nefteprovo­di «Dusti» (202 kilometr) az territoriyai viloyat meguzarad. Rohhoi havoi Oryolro bo bisyor markazhoi aholinishini vi­loyat, shahrhoi Voronej va Moskva mepayvandad.

Maorif, muassisahoi ilmi va madani. Nigahdorii tandurusti. Soli tahsili 1978—79 dar 742 maktabi malumoti umumi 113,6 hazor nafar, dar 15 maktabi miyonai makhsus 14,5 hazor nafar talaba, dar Instituti pedagogi 5647 nafar, dar filiali Instituti madaniyati Moskva 410 nafar, dar filia­li Instituti moshinsozii goibonai umumiittifoqi 2073 nafar student (ha­mai in donishkadahoi oli dar shahri Oryoland) tahsil mekard. Soli 1979 dar 233 muassisai tomaktabi 23,2 hazor kudak tarbiya meyoft.

Dar viloyat Institu­ti tadqiqoti ilmii moshinsozii sabuk, filiali Instituti tadqiqoti ilmii umumiittifoqii moshinsozii sabuk va sanoati bofandagi voqe ast. Soli 1979 567 kitobkhonai ommavi, muzei kishvarshinosii viloyati, Nigoristoni viloyati, muzei I. S. Tur­genev, teatri lukhtak (dar Oryol), Teatri dramavi-viloyatii ba nomi I. S. Turgenev, 777 klub, 695 dastgohi kinonishondihi budand. Soli 1979 dar Oryol 2396 dukhtur va dar bemorkhonahoi on 11,1 hazor kat bud.

Gazetehoi viloyatii «Orlovskaya prav­da» (az soli 1917) va «Orlovskiy kom­somoles» (1922) nashr meshavand. Barnomahoi radioi umumittifoq va televizioni Markazi muntazam shunavonda va namoish doda meshavand.