Viloyati Olmaato

Olmaato, viloyat dar qismi janubi sharqii Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Qazoqiston. 10 marta 1932 tashkil shudaast. Masodhat 104,7 hazor kilometr². Aholiash 1765 hazor nafar (bo aholii shahri Olmaato, 1979). Olmaato ba 11 rayoni mamuri taqsim shuda, 4 shahr va 6 posyolkai tipi shahr dorad. Markazash — shahri Olma­ato.

            Tabiat. Olmaatoro az ‘Janub qatorkuhhoi shimoli Tiyonshon, az Shimoli Garb kuli Balkhash, az Shimoli Sharq daryoi Ili ihota kardaand. Az Shimol bo Khitoy hamsarhad ast. Tamomi qismi shimol onro hamvorii janubii Haftrud ishgol kardaast. Qismi janubiashro qatorkuhhoi balandiashon to 5000 metr: Ketmon, Alatovi Pasi Ili va shokhahoi shimolii Alatovi Kungey faro giriftaand. Iqlimi hamvorii qismi shimoli on kontinentii shadid, zimistonash nisbatan khunuk (yanvar —9—10° Selsiya), tobistonash garm (taqriban 24° Selsiya). Borishoti solona 110 millimetr. Iqlimi domanai kuhho narm buda, borishot to 500—600 millimetr merasad. Borishoti so­lonai mintaqai kuhi 700—1000 millimetr. Davrai nashv 205—225 shaboruz.

Daryoi yagonaya qismi shimol va shimoli garbi Ili buda, on ba kuli Balkhash merezad. Dar qismi janubi viloyat daryoho bisyorand: Qaskalen, Charin, Chilik, Turgen, Issiq, Tapgar va gayra. Dar kuhho kulhoi shirin obu chashmahoi minerali ziyodand. Olami nabototi Olmaato gunogun ast. Qismi hamvorii Olmaato az nimbiyobonu biyobon iborat buda, dar on yavshon, shura, saksavul meruyad. Dar sohili Balkhash va daryobodu vodii Ili nay, margzoru rastanihoi galofiti, az jumla bedzorho, dar shurzaminu joyhoe, ki khoki allyuvialiyu margzori dorand, buttazorho vomekhurand.

Dar kuhho, az 600 metr bolo, dashkhthoi shuvoqu yavshondor, dar balavdihoi 800—4700 metr margzoru darakhtoni suzanbarg hastand. Aa 1500—1700 metr bo­lo mintaqai margzorhoi subalpi bo jangalhoi omekhtai darakhtoni suzanbarg (koji Tiyonshon, sanavbar, ar­cha), az 2800 metr bolo margzorhoi alpi va buttazorho duchor meoyand. Dar biyobonho khoyandagoni ziyode (mushi dashti, mushi gallakhur, zargush) has­tand. Az sumdoron buzi kuhi, khongul, az darrandagon gurg, ruboh, qashkaldoq, dar daryobodi daryoi Ili guroz, sagobi, mor, sangpusht, kalta­kalos va gayra mavjudand. Dar kuhho palangi barfi, niz vomekhurand. Ku­li Balkhash va daryoi Ili zagoramohi, okun, lesh, shirmohi dorand. Dar Alatovi Pasi Ili mamnugohi Ol­maato voqe ast.

            Aholi. Dar viloyat qazoqho, rusho, ukrainho, uygurho, koreyagiho, totorho va digar millatho zindagi mekunand. Zichii aholi dar 1 kilometr² 17,2 nafar. Shahrhoi kalon: Olmaato, Is­siq, „Kapchagay, Qaskelen, Tangar.

            Khojagi. Dar viloyat dar barobari khojagii  qishloq, ki dar on kishti ziroathoi obi va chorvodorii yayloqi bartari dorand, sohahoi gunoguni sanoat ham rivoj yoftaand.

            S a n o a t. Der Olmaato sanoathoi kor­kardi metall, moshinsozi, sabuk (bo- fandagi, trikotaji, duzandagi, charmu poyafzol va gayra), khurokvori (ordkashi, ravgan, vino, konserv va gayra), korkardi chub, istehsoli masolehi binokori taraqqi kardaand. Manbai energetikai viloyat: GES-hoi Olma­ato. GES-i Kapchagay dar daryoi Ili va gayra. Qismi asosii korkhonahoi sanoati dar shahri Olmaato joygirand.

            X o j a g i i  qishloq. Nazar ba kishtzorho charogohho beshtarand. Za- minhoi Olmaato asosan obiand. Az galladona gandum, jav, suli, arzan, juvo- rimakka, sholi, lubiyo va ziroati khuroki chorvo kisht mekunand: (gandum beshtar koshta meshavad). Bogu tokparvari, obchakori va ziroati polezi niz masohati ziyodero ishgol kar­daand. Dar viloyat soli  1978 (ba hisobi hazor cap) 2910,8 buzu gusfand, 30,1 gov, 99,8 khuk, 82,5 asp, 2,7 ushtur bud. Dar qismi shimoli viloyat chorvodorii yayloqi (gusfandi gushtu pashmdeh, ushtur) taraqqi kardaasg. Dar qad-qaddi daryoi Ili zaminhoi obi niz hastand. Dar kuhhoi janubi viloyat asp, gusfandi pashmu gushtdeh va ushtur parvarish karda meshavad. Dar zaminhoi lalmi boshad, javu gandum mekorand. Az kuli Balkhash va daryoi Ili mohi megirand. Dar kuhhoi nazdikii shahri Olmaato kurortho va bazahoi turiston voqe gardidaand.

N a q l i yo t. Tuli rohi ohan taqriban 252 kilometr. Rohhoi kaloni moshingard: Ol­maato — Qaskelen — Frunze, Olmaato — Talgar —Chilik—Norinkul, Olmaato — Ili — Taldiqurgon — Semipalatinsk — Ust-Kamenogorsk. Kuli Balkhash va digar Ili kishtigardand. Olmaato markazi rohi havoist.

Maorif va nigahdorii tandurusti. Soli khonishi 1977/78 Olmaato 625 maktabi malumoti umumi (doroi 329,5 talaba) dosht. Dar 23 maktabi miyonai makhsus 34,9 hazor khonanda va dar 12 maktabi oli (hamaash dar shayri Ol­maato) 78,5 hazor student tahsil mekard. Soli 1978-um 9198 nafar dukhtur (89,3 dukhtur ba 10 000 kas), 23,4 hazor kat (174,2 kat baroi 10000 aholi bud. Dar viloyat 7 teatr (hamaash dar shahri Olmaato), 574 kitobkhonai ommavi, 576 klub, 673′ – dastgohi filmnishondihi, 5 muzey (4-toash dar shahri Olmaato) hast. Dar Olmaato gaze- tahoi viloyatii «Jetisu», («Haftrud») az soli 1918 ba zaboni qazoqi,

«Ogni Alatau» («Charoghop Alatov», az 1918) nashr meshavand. dar vilo­yat barnomahoi radio va televizioni respublikavii markazi ba zabonhoi qazoqiyu rusi shunavonida va namoish doda meshavand.